Interstate statistical committee OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (cis-sTAT) Poverty and Inequality: capability and perspectives of further development of statistics in CIS member states in the purpose of monitoring of SDG implementation. Youth and Gender context Bryseva Valentina, CIS-Stat Working Meeting of Specialists of National Statistical Offices of CIS Member-States on Youth and Gender Statistics December, 6-7, 2016, Moscow   

From the MDGs to SDGs MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (2000-2015) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (2016-2030) Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries

Estimate of readiness of CIS countries to SDG monitoring CIS-Stat sent a questionnaire to the statistical services to get the following information on the SDG-indicators. The presentation shows the questionnaire results on poverty indicators. Questionnaire Relevance Availability of methodologies Data availability Planning for data collection Need to clarify the methodology and wording

Main problems of poverty statistics UNECE jointly with Rosstat and CIS-Stat work to improve the statistics of poverty under the project "Harmonised poverty indicators for monitoring sustainable development in the CIS countries", funded by the Russian Federation. Main problems: lack of time series; data incomparability (different well-being indicators and poverty line); need of new approaches to poverty estimate, taking into account the living conditions and access to basic services (education, health, etc).

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (1) Indicator 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day 1.1.1 Proportion of the population below the international poverty line, disaggregated by sex, age group, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural) The World Bank developed the methodology for global comparisons. Data on the level of poverty of the countries are on the web-site, without breakdown by sex and age. Different poverty line are adopted for countries with different levels of economic development: extreme poverty line is calculated on the basis of data on consumption in the poorest countries of the world. The value ranged from US $1 a day purchasing power parity (1985 PPP) to US $1.9 a day (2011 PPP). This indicator is not relevant for the majority of the CIS countries; other poverty line (US $2 a day (2005 PPP) => US $3.1 a day (2011 PPP).

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (2) Share of the population with incomes/ expenditures below frontiers of poverty in the US $1.9 and US $3.1 a day (2011 PPP) (percent of total population) World Bank data http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=poverty-and-equity-database US $1.9 US $3.1 2010 2013 2014 Armenia 2,5 2,4 2,3 21,7 17,0 14,6 Belarus 0,0 0,2 Kazakhstan 0,1 … 1,6 0,3 Kyrgyzstan 4,1 3,3 1,3 21,4 24,0 17,5 Moldova 0,5 5,2 2,0 1,0 Russia 0,9 Tajikistan 22,6 19,5 60,8 56,7 Ukraine

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (3) Indicator 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions 1.2.1 Proportion of the population living below the national poverty line, disaggregated by sex and age group All CIS countries noted the relevance of the indicator and the methodology is available. Concept of absolute monetary poverty is used for official poverty estimates in the majority of the CIS countries. Problems of information in the context of gender:: not all CIS countries estimate poverty by sex and age; various age groups.

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (4) Share of the population with incomes/ expenditures below the national poverty line (percent of total population of the corresponding group) 1 Females aged 31-54, males - 31-59. Year Females and males Females Males Azerbaijan 2015 4,9 … Armenia 29,8 29,5 30,1 Belarus 5,1 4,8 5,6 Kazakhstan 2,7 Kyrgyzstan 2014 30,6 29,7 31,5 Moldova 11,4 11,1 11,9 Russia 13,3 15,01 12,81 Tajikistan 32,0 Uzbekistan 2013 14,1 Ukraine 6,4 6,2 6,7

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (5) Share of population with average consumption expenditures below the poverty line in Moldova (percent of total population of the corresponding group; 2014) by sex by the head of the household

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (6) Share of young people with incomes/ expenditures below the national poverty line (percent of total population of the corresponding group; 2014) 118-19 years. Population at corresponding age, years 15-19 20-24 25-29 Armenia males and females 30,71 28,1 30,4 Belarus males 9,7 5,5 4,8 females 5,4 Kazakhstan 3,3 1,8 2,4 3,1 2,5 2,3 Kyrgyzstan 29,9 23,4 24,5 23,5 35,0 Moldova 68,8 56,5 51,8 62,9 50,3 51,2 Russia (15-30 years) 10,3 11,7

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (7) Indicator 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions 1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions The are no official criteria of extremely poverty in the majority of the CIS countries. Share of the population with incomes/ expenditures below national extreme poverty line (percent of total population) Year Total population Urban Rural Armenia 2015 2,0 2,2 1,7 Kazakhstan 0,1 0,0 0,2 Kyrgyzstan 1,2 1,0 1,4 Moldova 2014 Tajikistan 16,8 10,7 19,7

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (8) Indicator 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable 1.3.1 Percentage of the population covered by social protection floors/systems, disaggregated by sex, and distinguishing children, the unemployed, old-age persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women/ newborns, work injury victims, the poor and the vulnerable Definition of the indicator is based on Recommendation 202 "On the minimum levels of social protection", adopted at the 101 Session of the General Conference of the ILO (May, 30, 2012, Geneva, Switzerland). In CIS countries: no national definition of a minimum level of social protection; data are collected based on administrative sources, without breakdown by sex, age, etc.

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere (9) Indicator 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance 1.4.1 Proportion of the population living in households with access to basic services The majority of the CIS countries informed that they have no methodology and do not collect data. The main object at the international and national level is the determination of the list of “basic services" and information sources.

Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture (1) Goal Indicator 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round 2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment Current household surveys provide information on food consumption at the household level. The information on the individual members of the households is available on the basis of specialized surveys of the nutrition. The sources of information are also the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Survey, which are conducted in the majority of the CIS countries.

Estimation of household food sufficiency in Russia Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture (2) Estimation of household food sufficiency in Russia (according to the sample survey of diet, percentage, 2013) Households with in their composition Households consisting only of persons with disabilities children under the age of 18 years young families large families All households 100 estimation of food sufficiency: the food they want is enough 52,2 61,3 39,8 43,9 it is enough food, but not always the one wanted 43,1 35,2 50,4 44,8 it is not enough food sometimes 3,7 2,8 7,4 8,4 it is not enough food often 1,1 0,6 2,5 2,9

Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries Goals Indicators 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average 10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status 10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, disaggregated by age group, sex and persons with disabilities Global comparisons – the World Bank calculation. The majority of the CIS countries have the methodology and are able to the calculation these indicators. Comparability problems: the use of different well-being indicators; the use of different equivalence scales; indicators disaggregation by gender and age.

Thank you for attention! Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS-Stat) http://www.cisstat.com 17 17