Transiently Powered Computers KIVI Chair - Big Data Science Master Class Transiently Powered Computers dr. Przemysław Pawełczak 10 November 2016

Acknowledgments TU Delft Team University of Washnington Team Henko Aantjes (MSc graduate) Jethro Tan (MSc graduate) Amjad Majid (PhD student) Sinan Yildirim (Postdoc) University of Washnington Team Aaron Parks (PhD student)

What is the Source of Big Data? Internet of Things is a huge data generator! Big data + IoT = power-marriage Oracle By 2020 Internet of Things will generate a 4.4 trillion GB of data worldwide www.oracle.com/us/dm/oracle-iot-cloud-service-2625351.pdf Topic of intensive study Example: EDX Courses on Data Analytics for the IoT https://www.edx.org/course/enabling-technologies-data-science-columbiax-ds103x-0

What is the IoT Node? Sensing Computation Communication Sensor Microcontroller Transceiver Power

Powering the IoT Powering cyber-physical systems is a challenge By 2025: >100 billion IoT devices sustainable operation large-scale deployment Batteries increase weight and cost of the hardware replenishment is generally impractical ecological footprint Transfer of electromagnetic energy From a power source to receiver devices over the air Wireless Power Transfer Iris Mote

Powering [IoT] Devices Remotely (1) Non-radiative techniques Either inductive or magnetic resonant coupling Varying magnetic flux induces current Transfer power over short distances N S Receiver Source

Powering [IoT] Devices Remotely (2) Radiative techniques Electric field of the electromagnetic waves radio frequency (RF) waves as an energy delivery medium transfer power over longer distances provision of energy to many receivers simultaneously broadcast nature low complexity/size/cost for the energy receiver hardware suitability for mobility charge low-power embedded devices RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags chip antenna

RF-Powered Computing A new class of low-power battery-less embedded systems Intermittently Powered Devices (IPDs) Most widespread: Computational RFIDs (CRFIDs) Allow sensing and computation and communication Without batteries! Design Charge a super capacitor using harvested (RF) energy Equipped with a backscatter radio Simple circuitry for the receiver

RF-Powered Computing Hardware - System RFID reader Antenna WISP

RF-Powered Computing Hardware - Tag

Example Application: WISPCam Naderiparizi et al. "Wispcam: A battery-free RFID camera" in Proc. IEEE RFID 2015

Example Application: Ambient Backscatter Traditional backscatter (e.g. in RFID) Device communicates by modulating its reflections of an incident RF signal No generation of radio waves Ambient backscatter Communicate using ambient RF signals as the only source of power Ambient RF from TV and cellular communications https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX9cbxLSOkE Liu et al. “Ambient Backscatter: Wireless Communication Out of Thin Air “ in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2013