Drugs acting on Nervous system Belladonna

Recap In the last class we learnt about The monograph of CNS drug Hyoscyamus

Objectives On completion of this lesson,you would be able to learn about The monograph of CNS Drug BELLADONNA

Atropa belladonna Fig.30.1 Belladonna plant

BELLADONNA Syn: Deadly Nightshade Biological Source : Dried or fresh leaves, flowering and fruiting tops of Atropa belladonna (European) Atropa acuminata (Indian) Family: Solanaceae Geographical source : South Europe, England, Germany, U.S.A, India (Simla, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh) Fig.30.2

Cultivation, Collection And Preparation Done at altitudes of about 1400m Sowing is done in May & July Seedlings are carefully transplanted in September Use of fertilizers like Urea, Potash & Super phosphate and insecticide spray increases yield Fig.30.3

Cultivation, Collection And Preparation Leaves and flowering tops are cut for at least 3 times a year at an interval of 2 months from 1-3 year old plants When plants are 4 year old roots are dug out PREPARATION: Leaves are dried at 40-60 C, if not dried properly deteriorate and give off ammonia o Fig.30.4

Morphological Characters LEAF: Size: Length 5-25cm, Width 2.5-12cm Shape: Ovate, lanceolate Apex: Acuminate Margin: Entire Fig.30.5

Morphological Characters LEAF: Lamina : Decurrent Colour : Green to brownish green Odour : Slight and characteristic Taste : Bitter and acrid Extra feature : Most leaves are transversely broken Fig.30.6

Chemical Constituents Contains Tropane alkaloids L - Hyoscamine Atropine Belladonine Scopoletin(l-methyl aesculetin) Hyoscine Pyridine N-methyl Pyrroline Volatile oil Fig.30.7

Antispasmodic in case of intestinal gripping Uses Antispasmodic in case of intestinal gripping Parasympatholytic with Anticholinergic activity Reduce secretion of sweat, saliva and gastric juice Mydriatic

Uses Antidote in Opium and Chloral hydrate poisoning Tincture of Belladonna used as Sedatives Digestive disorder, Diarrhoea and pancreatitis In the treatment of Peptic Ulcer

Adulterants Phytolacca americana Solanum nigrum Ailanthus glandulosa

Summary In this class we learnt about The monograph of the CNS plant drug BELLADONNA

Quiz Belladonna contains b) Quinoline alkaloids c) Pyrrole alkaloids a) Indole alkaloids b) Quinoline alkaloids c) Pyrrole alkaloids d) Tropane alkaloids

Quiz 2. Belladonna alkaloids are a) Cholinergic drugs b) Anticholinergic drugs c) Sympatholytic drugs d) None of the above

Frequently Asked Questions 1. Write the macroscopy of Belladonna Mention the chemical constituents of Belladonna 3. Write the Botanical Source and Morphology of Belladonna 4. Write the uses of Belladonna