Origins of the Cold War Control of Eastern Europe. Control of Nuclear Weapons. Post war economic aid.

Winston Churchill “From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, Warsaw, and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them., lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow....Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy”

Joseph Stalin “One cannot forget the following fact: the Germans carried out an invasion of the U.S.S.R. through Finland, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary....One can ask, therefore, what can be surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve that these countries should have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are loyal?”

The Truman Doctrine “At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

Containment George F. Kennan – “Mr X.” if the US stopped the Soviet Union from expanding it would eventually collapse. posited essentially a “domino theory” – if one country falls, those around it will fall.

Alliances NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization ANZUS – Australia, New Zealand, US. SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

Marshall Plan rebuild Europe. contain communism. United States spent 10% of its total budget.

Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere? Raw materials from southeast Asia go to Japan. Finished goods from Japan get exported to the others.

Bretton Woods World currencies pegged to gold based on US price of gold. Created the International Monetary Fund. Created the World Bank. Nations underwrite the fund – 25% of buy in is in gold, 75% in their own currency.

Potential Problem. $7 Billion $26 Billion

World Trade Between 1946 and 1971 trade worldwide increases 600% World gold supply increases by 3%.

Why Bretton Woods, and Marshall Plan? Lessons of World War I. 16 million men served in the US armed forces People couldn’t spend money fast enough. so what’s the problem facing the US - again?

Under-consumption

IMF Stipulations Funds must be spent on infrastructure and building a nation's industrial capability. Privatization.

THE GOOD Provided development regardless of all outcomes. Caloric intake increased. Several economies grew.

THE BAD Created enormous debts. Profits from resources frequently left the countries they should have benefited.

THE UGLY Created a system that allowed for the free flow of capital, but not labor. Created a system of dependency. Gave American corporations undue influence in the affairs of other nations.

The Berlin Airlift

China Mao Tse Tung Chiang Kai Shek

The Cold War’s Importance No Civil Rights Movement. No Space Program No science fiction.

The Second Red Scare Culture of paranoia. Focused on EVERY facet of American life. Hyper vigilance – anything that can be construed as “weak-minded” will allow communism to enter the U.S. Result is an extraordinarily conformist society.

Comic Books

Radiation in Milk Radiation was a plot to chemically do what logic could not. This extended to fluoridated water.

Organized Crime Estes Kefauver

Baseball teams Cincinnati Reds? Better dead than red Cincinnati Redlegs is MUCH better

College Basketball

Disc Jockeys

Homosexuality Far From Heaven

Working Women

Communist For a Day?