Longitude & latitude Time.

SHAPE Shape – The Earth is not a perfect sphere. The Earth is an oblate spheroid. This means it is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the equator.  Polar circumference is slightly smaller than the Equatorial circumference. The Earth DOES NOT look like an egg!

EVIDENCE Evidence – (Based on assumptions) - INFERENCE Weight due to Gravity Gravity acts as a stronger force when objects are closer to the center of the Earth. The weight of an object is slightly more at the Poles. Explanation – Objects must be closer to the center of the Earth at the Poles Ships “disappear” at the horizon…the last things to see are the tops of the sails.

Polaris The North Star (Polaris) never changes its place in the sky. When you face it, you are always facing North. To find the North Star, first find the Big Dipper. Draw a straight line through the two pointer stars that make up the end of the dipper's bowl and continue this line away from the opening of the bowl until it intersects with Polaris. Latitude is based on your angle to Polaris

http://astro. unl. edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock.html

Astrolabe The astrolabe gives the angle/position of the Sun and stars in the sky.

Look at the North Star and point one arm straight at it, and then hold your other arm level with the horizon. The angle between your arms is roughly the degrees of latitude of your location

Angle To the North Star Spherical Earth: The angle to Polaris changes depending on your location on a spherical Earth BACK

Latitude and Longitude The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude.

Lines Longitude lines run north and south and measure west to east. Latitude lines run east and west and measure north to south. The lines measure distances in degrees. Longitude Latitude

Where is 0 degree? Equator The equator is 0 degree latitude. It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway point between the North Pole and the South Pole. Equator

P R I M E D A N Where is 0 degree? The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the Greenwich England , France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.

East West, North South on the Earth Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. N W E S

East West, North South on the Earth The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator. The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian. (N, W) (N, E) (S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian. (N, W) Prime Meridian

This is close to the latitude where you live. What is Latitude? For Example: 40°, 02’,51’’N This is close to the latitude where you live. 90°N Y X 90°S

What is Longitude? The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians) 180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian Y X 180°W 180°E

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located 1. 41°N, 21°E 2. 37°N, 76°W 3. 72°S, 141°W 4. 7°S, 23°W 5. 15°N, 29°E 6. 34°S, 151°E A B D C

Let's See How You Did! 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D

This is also true of longitude. What is Latitude? Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes. Each minute is divided into 60 seconds. 90°N Y X 90°S This is also true of longitude.

Our latitude and longitude might be: What is Latitude? Our latitude and longitude might be: 40°, 03’,13’’N 76°, 29’, 45’’W 90°N Y X 90°S

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude 45° N 44° N 43° N 42° N 41° N

79° W 78° W 77° W 76° W 75° W 74° W Longitude 73° W

79° W 78° W 77° W 76° W 75° W 74° W 45° N 73° W 44° N 43° N 42° N Find: 43° N, 76 ° W 44 ° N, 76 ° W 42 ° N, 79 ° W 41° N

Latitude and Longitude Resources Latitude & Longitude Activity A Printable Latitude & Longitude Map of the World Latitude & Longitude Map Making Latitude and Longitude Quiz

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day. As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day. Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone. 15 degrees =1 hour

Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time Zones Directions: Use the coordinates of each location to determine the time at a different location. Part A: Use the longitude data to fill in the chart below. Times of location 1 are all 3pm. First row is done for you. Location 1 Location 2 Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 30°W 15°W 15° east +1 3 pm 4pm 45°W   60°W 60°E 135°E 3pm 0° 75°E

Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time Zones Directions: Use the coordinates of each location to determine the time at a different location. Part A: Use the longitude data to fill in the chart below. Times of location 1 are all 3pm. First row is done for you. Location 1 Location 2 Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 30°W 15°W 15° east +1 3 pm 4pm 45°W 15° west  -1  2 pm  60°W 60°E 120° east +8  11pm 135°E 150° west -10 3pm 5am  0° 75°E 75° east +5  8pm

Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Part B: In the chart below the times for two locations are given as well as all longitudes for location 1 only. Use your knowledge of earth science to fill in the rest of the chart. Location 1 Location 2 Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 30°W   3 pm 7pm 12pm 60°W 10am 135°E 3pm 9pm 0° 4am

Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Part B: In the chart below the times for two locations are given as well as all longitudes for location 1 only. Use your knowledge of earth science to fill in the rest of the chart. Location 1 Location 2 Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 30°W 30°E    60° E +4  3 pm 7pm 75° W 45°W -3 12pm 60°W  135°W 75°W -5  10am 135°E 135°W   90°E  +6 3pm 9pm 0°  165°W 165° W  -11 4am

Time Difference in Hours Part C: Latitude and Longitude are both given now. Time at location 1 is 3pm. Figure out the time difference and the time at location 2. Location 1 Location 2 Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 45°N 30°W 30°N 60°W   3 pm 30°N 150°E 75°S 150°E 3pm 15°S 60°W 15°N 60°E 60°N 135°E 60°N 120°E 50°N 105°W 65°N 75°W

Time Difference in Hours Part C: Latitude and Longitude are both given now. Time at location 1 is 3pm. Figure out the time difference and the time at location 2. Location 1 Location 2 Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1 Time at Location 2 45°N 30°W 30°N 60°W -2 3 pm 1pm  30°N 150°E 75°S 150°E 0  3pm 3pm  15°S 60°W 15°N 60°E +8 11pm  60°N 135°E 60°N 120°E -1  2pm  50°N 105°W 65°N 75°W +2 5pm