Harlem Renaissance pg. 354-358 Chapter 11.5

Essential Question; Recall from last lecture; Why was the radio one of the most important inventions of the 1920’s? How does this invention improve American society/ culture? Explain.

African Americans and the Harlem Renaissance New Sense of Hope & Pride; Great Migration Creates Jazz  Celebration of culture & identity  rights Happy Again in Harlem  less burdened by racism –but- violence & de-facto segregation

Real Solution  Focus on Harlem  Attracts MANY from Caribbean Marcus Garvey  racial conscienceless  called for “universal black nationalism” Back to Africa Movement

Marcus Garvey believed in segregation –BUT- African Americans as the Superior Race Starts the Universal Negro Improvement Association  2.5 Million Members Fails  Deported Ideas Lived on  Black Panthers (1960s) Compare to Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Malcom X & MLK

Jazz Age (F. Scott Fitzgerald)  Mix of African, American, & European Music (Blues & Ragtime) Symbol of the 1920s Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, Duke Ellington Spreads North During Migration  Bridges Races; How?

Harlem Renaissance; Rebirth (“The New Negro”), How Harlem Renaissance; Rebirth (“The New Negro”), How? Radical Break From Past  Celebration of Culture Novelists, Essayist, Poets, Journalists Zora Neale; New Longing For Independence; Women/ Blacks/ Whites Langston Hughes; Diversity; Everyday African American Life; Joys and Struggles

The Great Depression Causes pages 366-372 12.1

Causes; Unstainable Financial Practices in 1. Agriculture 2 Causes; Unstainable Financial Practices in 1. Agriculture 2. Consumption 3. Industry Fuels then Collapse 1920s Prosperity; Republicans Take Credit  Decentralization of national government All Americans Equal (Appeared So) Election of 1928; Herbert Hoover Wins; “A Chicken in Every Pot. A Car in Every Garage.”

Troubling Signs; 1. American Farmers  WWI Situation  Rural Depression (dust bowls, didn’t share boom) 2. Uneven distribution of Wealth More goods than the average worker can buy Poor = Less Poor, Rich = Much Richer Industrial Worker; Placed in Better Conditions; Credit  Debt Rich did not buy enough  not a lot of money in circulation

Stock Market Crashes; Black Tuesday  October 29, 1929 Over speculation  Gambling w/ money didn’t have  dangers of bull market Black Tuesday; investors lost millions; buy back stock Officially Starts Depression

First Institution to Fail; Banks  People ALSO removed their money from banks By 1930; 1,350 banks had closed  misguided policies Result; Too little money in circulation, business cut production  cut in workers (layoffs)  unemployment  further spending reduces  even more businesses close  more lay offs

Government Attempts to Fix Issue; Passes Tariffs (protective taxes)… Hawley- Smoot Tariff; Actual Effects  So High, Other Countries Can’t Compete  Pass retaliation Tariff (enact their own tariffs)  Causes it to go global

Primary Causes; 1. Unsold Agricultural Surplus  increasing farm debt 2. Hardships in Europe (Tariff) 3. Uneven Distribution of Wealth 4. Rampant Stock Speculation