Thursday……… HOMEWORK:   Read Ch 27.2 (pp716-720) WWII:Hitler’s Aggressions Take notes & be prepared for a quiz. Use the red and green headings to organize your notes!! Define bold and highlighted words. REMEMBER! – Homework notes = 5 pts each on daily open note quiz. NO homework notes = 10 pts each on daily quiz. YOUR choice!

Section 1: Threats to World Peace CHAPTER 21 World War II Section 1: Threats to World Peace Objectives: Analyze why Japan and Italy were able to carry out aggressive territorial policies in the 1930s. Explain why the League of Nations was ineffective in stopping international aggression. Describe how the Spanish Civil War led to a fascist dictatorship.

Document Snapshot: Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 “The Nanking Massacre, 1937”

Bell Ringer 21.1: Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Who were the opposing sides of the Spanish Civil War? Nationalists Loyalists Spain: _______________________ _____________________________ Spain: _____________________ ___________________________ Germany: __________________ __________________________ Soviet Union: _________________ _____________________________ Italy: _______________________ ____________________________ International Brigades: _______ ___________________________

List characteristics of a bully Word Bank Threats to World Peace List characteristics of a bully Ways to deal with bullying

SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace After WWI, the role of the League of Nations as an international peacekeeper was challenged. First meeting of the League assembly in 1920

Failure of the League of Nations Pre. Harding knew US would never be a member of the League Secretary of State Hughes still wanted to do something to guarantee world peace Result: Began efforts to create safeguards against future wars But efforts that would not hamper American interests

Threats to World Peace Visual Sources 'My offensive equipment being practically nil, it remains for me to fascinate him with the power of my eye.'" Punch July 28th, 1920

Threats to World Peace Kellogg-Briand Pact 1929 SECTION 1 Created by U.S. Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg & French foreign minister Aristide Briand. Agreement that made war “illegal” Signed by 60 nations

Kellogg – Briand Pact of 1928 French Foreign minister asked US to join an alliance against Germany US instead, proposed a treaty that 1. Outlawed war as an instrument of national policies 2. Required nations to resolve their disputes by pacifist means 14 nations signed the agreement, 48 later joined No instruments of enforcement, rather relied on the “moral force” of countries.

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Japanese military begins gaining power in late 1920s. Political chaos followed the assassination of the liberal minister Osachi Hamaguchi. Within two years, a group of Military leaders took control.

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 On the evening of September 18, 1931, an explosion occurred on the railroad north of Mukden. The railroad was owned and operated by the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers. Military leaders immediately blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and began an occupation of the area.

Initial Invasion Japan’s population was growing rapidly at this time and the size of the nation caused it to become increasingly crowded and Manchuria offered 200,000 square km. In addition Manchuria was rich in minerals, forestry and rich agricultural land. After the Mukden Incident the Japanese had the excuse it needed to occupy Manchuria China looked to the League of Nations for help but the League proved once again incompetent when it simply asked the Japanese Army to withdraw.

Although Japanese government in Tokyo agreed to the League’s request, the army did not and launched a full scale invasion of Manchuria and by the end of 1931 it had occupied the whole province. The league tried to stop the army but they only had control over the aggressor’s government and the Japanese government had lost any influence over the army In response to the League’s attempted punishments Japan simply resigned from the League of Nations

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG2QnNvr0FA

SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China, including ALL seaports.

Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtxL3idYS6k

Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia Mussolini believed that Italy HAD to expand to ease economic Pressures. Ethiopia – one of the few Independent countries in Africa – became his target. When a border dispute broke out In 1934, Ethiopia called on the League of Nations to help.

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 The League could not offer military protection to Ethiopia …. Because it had NO armed forces. A year later Italian forces invaded and defeated the poorly equipped Ethiopian army. The League declared Italy an aggressor and placed economic sanctions on Italy. The weak boycott on trade had little effect – in the spring of 1936 Mussolini announced Ethiopia was part of the Italian Empire.

Nobility and large landowners SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace Civil War in Spain Nobility and large landowners The Catholic Church WAR! workers military peasants

Word Bank Threats to World Peace Did you know that Ernest Hemingway was a reporter for American newspapers covering the war in Spain. In 1940 he writes For Whom the Bell Tolls which is rumored to have been influenced by the war in Spain.

Fascist political party Used terrorism to preserve the power of … SECTION 1 Threats to World Peace The Falange landowners Fascist political party Used terrorism to preserve the power of … army Church

Francisco Franco Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Set up a fascist dictatorship Had unlimited power Ended all free elections & most civil rights Old ruling groups – army, landowners, Church - all held the positions of power

Word Bank Threats to World Peace

Threats to World Peace SECTION 1 Nationalists Loyalists Spain: army leaders, church leaders, landowners, nobles Spain: workers, peasants, socialists, communists Germany: fully equipped military units Soviet Union: airplanes, technicians, military advisors Italy: fully equipped military units, 50,000 troops International Brigades: about 70,000 volunteer fighters