Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas

Chapter Introduction Please Read The Story Matter on page 39 and answer questions the 4 questions. When was Queen Isabella first approached by Christopher Columbus for money? Why did Queen Isabella ignore Columbus at that time? What is one reason Isabella sent Columbus to the new world? How does Isabella’s purpose relate to Columbus’s request for funds for his exploration? Explain your answers

Chapter Introduction Let’s look at the European nations that took the first steps to exploration.

Chapter introduction Turn to page 40 and 41and look at the map of those pages. Discuss the two questions below with the persons next to you. What was unique about Portugal’s explorations? What can you infer about Portugal from its explorations?

Chapter introduction Name the European Nations that were involved in the first steps of exploration?

Good morning\Afternoon scholars Please come in and get yourself prepared for today. Write the agenda in your agenda book and get your materials ready to take notes. Thank you for cooperating and being the scholars that you are.

Searching for new trade routes What kinds of equipment would you need? What are the risks of such a voyage? What would make people want to make such a voyage anyway?

Searching for new trade routes Define Technology Refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the results of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.

Searching for new trade routes You will use the graphic organizer to the left to identify three reasons that Europeans launched voyages of exploration. Read silently to yourself Searching for New Trade Routes on page 42 and Better Ships, Better Sailors on 42 and 43. We will have a class discussion on this information.

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Searching for new trade routes Why did European countries compete to find a sea route to the Indies? They wanted a sea route so they could obtain spices. What were spices used for? To preserve food, as medicine, and for flavoring. What kinds of technology would be important to sailors who did not have all the electronics devices of today? Devices to tell them where they were, how far or fast they had traveled, and in what direction they were heading.

Searching for new trade routes Carracks and Caravels How are the two ships different from each other? Carracks are large and sturdy, and they carry supplies, caravels were smaller and could sail closer to shore.

Searching for new trade routes Compass Navigators discovered something unusual in the 1100s. They found that when a small magnetic needle was suspended freely, it would always point north. They used this knowledge to create the first compasses.

Searching for new trade routes Compasses work because the Earth has a weak magnetic field. Lines of magnetism run from the South Pole to the North Pole. These lines cause compass needles to point north. Once that direction is known, it is easy to figure out the other directions.

Searching for new trade routes A simple compass, such as a pocket compass, is a magnetic needle suspended on a pin. There is a round card beneath the needle that indicates the four major directions. Aligning the pin to the north/south direction shows which way the user is facing.

Searching for new trade routes Navigators from any age, including modern times, recognize that the compass is a more reliable navigation tool than looking at the sun or at stars. For one thing, a compass can be used in any kind of weather.

Searching for new trade routes Advances in technology have greatly improved compasses since the Age of Exploration. There are floating compasses, digital compasses, and many other types. There are even electronic compasses built into wristwatches.

Searching for new trade routes How did the astrolabe and the quadrant help navigation? They measured the position of the sun and the stars which helped sailors locate themselves on the open seas.

Searching for new trade routes On the index cards that I hand out, put your name, date and period on them and tell me what was the Technology in the Age of Exploration. Compass Carracks and Caravels Astrolabe Quadrant

Review Question Name the Technology used in the Age of Exploration.

Exploring the world What is Spain’s primary language? What is England’s primary language? Where might your see Spanish and English influence in American place names? Those countries in place names in regions where they settled, such as Spanish in New Mexico and English in New England.

Exploring the world Why do you think Louisiana was named after a French King? The people there were mostly from France at one time. It was the practice to name a city or a colony after the ruler who made it possible.

Exploring the world Who can guess what kind of names Tallahassee and Mississippi are? Those are Native American names What can we concluded by looking at the place names in our country? The history of the United States is the history of Native Americans, and of European settlers such as those from Spain, England, and France.

Exploring the world

Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Searching for New Trade Routes Pages 43-46 List the Achievements for the following explorers Columbus Amerigo Vespucci Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan The Columbian Exchange