The conversy about global warming A presentation from Christelle Laure Maptue Tene, Maren Randolf and Christopher Canazza

Definition of global warming Global warming is an increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect.

What is the global warming controversy about? Global warming controversy is an ongoing dispute about the effects of humans on global climate What policies should be implemented to avoid possible undesirable effects of climate change?

Timeline of global warming Here are gathered in chronological sequence the most important events in the history of climate change science: 1824 – French physicist Joseph Fourier describes the Earth’s natural „greenhouse effect“. He writes: „The temperature [of the Earth] can be augmented by the interposition of the atmosphere, because heat in the state of light finds less resistance in penetrating the air, than in re-passing into the air when converted into non-luminous heat.“ 1938 – Using records from 147 weather stations around the world, British engineer Guy Callendar shows that temperatures had risen over the previous century. He also shows that CO2 concentrations had increased over the same period, and suggests this caused the warming. The „Callendar effect“ is widely dismissed by meteorologists. 1965 – A US President’s Advisory Committee panel warns that the greenhouse effect is a matter of „real concern“.

Timeline of global warming 1972 – First UN environment conference, in Stockholm. Climate change hardly registers on the agenda, which centres on issues such as chemical pollution, atomic bomb testing and whaling. The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) is formed as a result. 1988 – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) formed to collate and assess evidence on climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to review research on global climate change. The IPCC issued its first assessment report in 1990 stating that „emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases,“ resulting in „an additional warming of the Earth’s surface.“ 1995 – IPCC Second Assessment Report concludes that the balance of evidence suggests „a discernible human influence“ on the Earth’s climate. This has been called the first definitive statement that humans are responsible for climate change.

Timeline of global warming 2009 – China overtakes the US as the world’s biggest greenhouse gas emitter – although the US remains well ahead on a per-capita basis. 2013 - The first part of the IPCC’s fifth assessment report says scientists are 95% certain that humans are the „dominant cause“ of global warming since the 1950s. 2017 – On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement and ordered the federal government to „cease all implementation” of the agreement. President Trump said the Paris Agreement had imposed „draconian financial and economic burdens” on the United States and created „serious obstacles” to energy development.

Debate about global warming In the Rose Garden at the White House on June 1, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt speaks before President Trump’s announcement that the United States will withdraw from the Paris accord Multiple scientific assessments have concluded that man-made climate change is real and poses risks to human health and the environment Scott Pruitt, the Environmental Protection Agency administrator, told Breitbart News on Monday that he would like to essentially re-litigate the science of climate change In an interview with Breitbart’s Joel Pollak, Pruitt proposed setting up opposing teams to debate key climate science issues

Debate about global warming Pruitt voiced support for a “red team-blue team” exercise to foster such a discussion Koonin argued that such an exercise would subject the scientific consensus on climate change to a rigorous test. The red team would challenge consensus findings from scientific assessments and the blue team would have the opportunity to respond Pruitt has voiced skepticism about the human role in climate change, saying he does not believe that carbon dioxide is a primary contributor The 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report states with 95 percent confidence that humans have caused most, and probably all of the rapid global warming over the past 60 years. Approximately 97 percent of climate experts and peer-reviewed climate science studies agree

Supporters of global warming A believer in global warming is Barack Obama, the previous president of the United States of America. He set up a plan against global warming. Barack Obama who strongly believes that global warming exist, did several speeches on the subject matter Administrator Pruitt believes that promoting and protecting a strong and healthy environment is among the lifeblood priorities of the government and that EPA is vital to that mission

Sceptics of global warming Sceptics think that global warming is a scam and a hoax. The term global warming is just being used to generate fear and panic Donald Trump, the president of the United States of America, has pulled the country out of the Paris climate agreement, because he is sceptical about global warming Another enemy to the current climate change community is called Myron Ebell. He works for the free-market thinktank Competitive Enterprise Institute and, according to his own bio, has been called a climate „criminal“ and a leading pusher of misleading ideas

Hurricane Irma linked to climate change? Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, says it is insensitive to discuss climate change in the midst of deadly storms “This is the time to talk about climate change. This is the time that the president and the E.P.A. and whoever makes decisions needs to talk about climate change,” Mr. Regalado (the Republican mayor of Miami )told the Miami Herald. “If this isn’t climate change, I don’t know what is. This is a truly, truly poster child for what is to come.” Ben Kirtman, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, said he believes failing to discuss climate change hurts Florida and the entire country President Trump has derided climate change as a hoax. Mr. Pruitt has declared that carbon dioxide emissions from cars, power plants and other sources are not the primary contributor to global warming, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to the contrary. The E.P.A. has removed many mentions of climate change from its website and is rolling back regulations aimed at curbing carbon dioxide emissions

Participants involved in the global climate change dicussion Global warming actors Scientists Governments/government members Assiciations Institutions

Participants involved in the global climate change dicussion Scientists: French physicist Joseph Fourier, Irish physicist John Tyndall, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius etc. Governments/government members: US government, UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, President George W. Bush, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, President Trump etc. Associations: UN, World Meteorological Organization, United Framework Convention on Climate Change etc. Institutions: Heartland Institute, University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit, Mauna Loa Observatory etc.

Summary In conclusion global warming controversy is an on going dispute with a well defined timeline and numerous debates. On one side we have the supporters who stongly believe on the existence of global warming and on the other side we have skeptics who argue this idea. The Hurricane is a case study on global warming which involves numerous actors such as scientists, associations among others.