Design and Prototyping a Heart Pump Jacob Herman

Today’s Presentation Goal: Give you the tools and background knowledge to fully understand the engineering, science, and biology behind heart pumps that are clinically used. Questions – Please feel free to ask at any time 1st: Background, 2nd: Heart Pump Design

Background Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects

Background Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects

Personal Background Grew up in central New Jersey Currently a Senior at Pitt studying Bioengineering Bioengineering Summer Camp Counselor Undergraduate researcher at the McGowan Institute in studying regenerative medicine of fertility diseases Conducted research on aneurysms and coronary stents at the National University of Singapore Going to industry – Clinical Cardiac Specialist

Bioengineering Using science and engineering principles to understand the human body, replicate its intricate functions and repair/improve the defects A recent engineering field that is rapidly expanding Increasing prevalence of disease Aging population with desire to extend life expectancy Inclusive of Bio- informatics, mechanics, materials, and optics as well as tissue, cellular, genetic, neural, and pharmaceutical engineering

Background Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects

Programming Converting a process into executable commands that a computer can process Tools: Breadboard Circuitry: Resistors, Capacitors, Transistors, Switches, Inductors Arduino/microprocessor

Mechanics Building a device requires many mechanical considerations Feasibility (physical and financial), real world and computer interactions Building medical devices requires even more mechanical considerations Shelf life, biocompatibility, external/implantable

Background Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects

Pretotype vs Prototype Most basic model made with cheap and accessible materials Easily allows for quick failures and design flaws w/o losing $$$ Basis of a Prototype Usually a minimum viable prototype (MVP) Gradually is revised throughout the design process Made from more expensive, final materials for testing

Background Personal and Bioengineering Programming and Mechanics Pretotyping vs. Prototyping Heart Anatomy and Defects

Heart Anatomy Four chambers Four valves Right and left atrium Right and left ventricle Four valves Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic Veins and arteries Inferior/superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta

Heart Diseases and Defects Valve defects Leakage from the valves, absent or tight valves at birth Cardiac muscle defects Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Genetic defects Hole in heart, congenital heart disease, A/V fibrillation Age/heart disease Coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction

Outline Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment

Outline Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment

Heart Pump aka ventricular assist devices (VADs) Mechanical pumps used to support blood flow in people that have a weakened heart The device takes blood from a lower chamber of the heart and helps pump it to the body Doesn’t replace the heart, just helps to pump blood when the heart can no longer can

Outline Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment

Invention and Development of Heart Pump Invented in the late 1950s and implanted for the first time in 1966 by Dr. Michael E. DeBakey First successful long term VAD implantation by Dr. William F. Bernhard First LVAD approved by the FDA in 1994

Outline Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment

Disciplines Involved in Design Engineers Biomedical, Mechanical, Electrical Scientists Biologists, Biochemists, Material Scientists Doctors Cardiologists, Surgeons, Electrophysiologists Regulators Institutional Review Board, Food & Drug Administration

Engineers Mechanical Electrical Biomedical Design and interaction of moving components Electrical Power supply and electricity needed for long term use Biomedical Ensuring when the mechanical and electrical components are combined they will be compatible within the human body

Scientists Biologist/Biochemist Biomaterial Scientist Study the heart anatomy and biochemical interaction of running blood through an artificial tube Biomaterial Scientist Study the compatibility of tubing, VAD, propeller, etc with internal organs, bodily fluids, and blood

Doctors Cardiologists Surgeons Electrophysiologists Ensure that VADs actually restore healthy blood flow patterns Surgeons Must be able to have a safe and effective method of actually implanting the device Electrophysiologists Guarantee that the device will not impact normal electrical heart stimulation

Regulators IRB Every university has one to regulate the scientific experiments and activities of research laboratories First stage to experimenting on a device FDA Regulates the devices that are allowed to be sold on the market Safety and Efficacy

Outline Heart Pump – What is it? Origins and Developments Multidisciplinary aspects “Benchtop to Bedside” Experiment

Benchtop to Bedside Benchtop: In the laboratory Bedside: In the clinic

Experiment Create a VAD to implement on a pig heart Considerations Mechanical construction Electrical power supply Biomedical/surgical implementation Considerations Size, Biocompatibility, Cost, Safety

References https://www.adafruit.com/product/64 http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/how-to-use-a-breadboard.shtml https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products http://www.pretotyping.org/historical-artifacts.html https://www.ucsfhealth.org/treatments/ventricular_assist_device/ http://www.medgadget.com/2014/06/heartassist5-the-smallest-ventricular-assist-pump-of-its-kind-implanted-for-first-time-in-advanced-heart-failure-patient.html http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Proced/vads.cfm https://www.labdesignnews.com/article/2010/09/steps-selecting-right-bench