STANDARD PRECAUTIONS (Presented by : Dr GM Thamil, Ms Jisha MV, Mr P Vairamuthu, Mr Sathish Rangarajan, Dr Shiney George Thomas, Dr Tricia Jujula, Ms Rose Jenila) Reviewed By- Dr Vijay Agarwal Dr Chander Mohan Bhagat Dr Lallu Joseph

Definition Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes

HAND HYGIENE Primary requirement About 97% of infection will be prevented Adherence to the WHO steps Five moments of hand hygiene Hand hygiene audit – WHO tool

5 MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE

WHO HAND WASH - STEPS

WHO – HAND RUB

Hand hygiene observation tool

PPE Gloves – protect hands Gowns/aprons – protect skin and/or clothing Masks and respirators– protect mouth/nose Respirators – protect respiratory tract from airborne infectious agents Goggles – protect eyes Face shields – protect face, mouth, nose, and eyes

PPE AUDIT Audit tool

RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH ETIQUETTE Education of Staff, Pt, Visitors. Covering of mouth and nose while cough and sneezing AFR – isolation and handhygiene

AUDIT TOOL CONTACT PRECAUTIONS AUDIT TOOL

Needle/ sharps injury Train all the staff handling sharps Don’t recap When necessary – use scoop technique Dont transfer sharp instruments Disposing of needles at source

Needle stick injury reporting form

Environmental cleaning General removal of debris. Must precede disinfection and sterilization. Usually done with soap and water or detergent DISINFECTION Removes most of the microorganisms STERILIZATION Killing or removal of all organisms HEAT: Moist Heat: Below 100 (Pasteurization) Above 100 (Boiling, Steaming) - Used for disinfection of surgical and medical equipments in emergency. Radiation (UV Rays) - Used to reduce the number of bacteria in air inside operation rooms, laboratory safety cabinet Disinfection by chemical disinfectants Disinfectants may be: High level disinfectants. Intermediate level disinfectants. Low level disinfectants.

Waste disposal

Linen Change linen whenever soiled/ after Pt discharge Minimize contact with soiled linen. Using PPE while handling linen. Separate trolley for transportation

Waste disposal 95% General waste – 5 % BMW

Patient care equipment

Patient Safety tool