Interest Approach World hunger is a big concern in today’s global society. What could American agriculture do to help alleviate and reach an end to world hunger?

Sustainability and Conservation EN13.01 – Discuss the importance of sustainability and conservation in relation to humans.

Sustainable Living Sustaining Life Sustainable Resource Use The process of meeting the needs of living things. Includes providing food, water, and shelter called sustenance. Sustainable Resource Use The use of resources so they last a long time Sustainable Development The use of development practices that benefit people without damaging the environment Sustainable Agriculture The use of agricultural practices that assure the future production of crops and livestock.

Sustainable Living Conservation Quality of Life The wise use of natural resources Quality of Life The degree of satisfaction people derive from their environment.

Design for the Environment Dfe is the concept of including environmental considerations in manufacturing and construction Both design and redesign of products and systems are included Business leaders are encouraged to consider the environment when making decisions about: Product design – possible environmental impact Materials – use environmentally friendly materials Purchases – buy materials either recycle or recyclable, and produced with minimum environmental impact.

Life Needs Food Material consumed and needed to carry out life processes Nutrient is a substance needed for an organism to live and grow Examples Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Vitamins

Life Needs Water Air Essential for all of life’s processes Humans need about 2 quarts per day Air All living things need some part of air to survive. Animals need oxygen and plants need carbon dioxide Respiration is the process an organism uses to provide its cell with oxygen so energy can be released from digested foods Plants provide oxygen for animals, and animals provide carbon dioxide for plants, creating an interdependent relationship.

Life Needs Space Shelter and Protection All living organisms need and occupy space Space is the area around an organism that is used for living Territory is the area an animal used or protects as its own. Shelter and Protection Organisms need protection from certain elements in the environment that can injure or destroy them Adapt, hibernate, and/or migrate Plants generally only grow in an environment that is suited to them.

Roles of Humans Three roles Users Decision-makers Conservationists Humans use the resource to support life functions Decision-makers Humans decide which resources are used, and how they are used. Conservationists Humans can prevent waste. Humans should not be an abuser of the environment.

Environment as HOME Every living organism requires an environment that sustains life Ecosystem A natural environment has many ecosystems, which are all the components of a particular environment Habitat Physical area where a plant or animal lives under natural conditions Proper arrangement of food, water, shelter, and space.

Environment as HOME Energy Transfer Ecosystems need energy to exist Energy is the ability to be active and do work An ecosystem has a complex process for transferring energy that originates from the sun to organisms, specifically from one organism to another. Food Chain is the ranking of species into successive levels where each feeds on the one below Food Web is all the interconnected food chains of an ecosystem

Conservation vs Preservation Natural resource conservation is the wise use of a natural resource, preventing unnecessary damage or loss A conservationist is a person who feels that natural resources should be used in ways that assure their continuing availability on a long-term basis Preservation Natural resource preservation is the nonuse of a natural resource Preservationist is a person who believes in preservation or protection of resources Some preservationists believe that trees should not be harvested for human use, but be used solely for their beauty and environmental benefits.

Conservation vs Preservation Controversy Differing views of conservation vs preservation An environmental issue is a concern about the environment that may be viewed from different perspectives Apathy Environmental apathy is when people are not interested in the environment It is found in people who are removed, or not involved, in an issue.

Human Effects on the Environment Positive and negative effects Positive learned from past negative effects Symbiotic Relationships When different species of organisms live together and benefit each other

Survival Conservationists know resources must be used for our survival and wise use is important. One recognized problem is that many humans give little thought to the resources they use each day, including where the resources came from, and where it ends up.

Planning Ahead Humans must plan to preserve and protect our resources. Human Impact Humans affect ALL natural resources Aesthetic benefits, which is the feeling of well-being received from something of beauty in our environment Plants not only have aesthetic value, but keep hot areas cooler and provide shelter from wind as well.

Planning Chemicals are not always bad Fertilizer Chemical compound used to provide nutrients for plant growth Problems come from overuse or misuse Example: DDT chemical did not break down, and therefore, it accumulated in the food chains and food webs.

Planning Maintaining Habitats Habitat destruction is major human affect on the environment Wildlife have been the most affected. Some species can adapt to changes in their habitat House wren building a nest in the corner of a house.

Planning Abuse of Resources Abuse leads to depletion Settling of the US Resources were viewed as unlimited. Abused or overused and problems resulted Dust Bowl is an example of land abuse Crops could not grow and the unprotected soil was eroded by the wind.

Planning Conservation Measures Put in place Must be proven for conservation of the resource, as well as for economic and productive purposes as well Example Flow restrictor on a showerhead, which saves money as well as conserves water.

Developing Personal Beliefs Influenced by Age Gender Culture Education Other factors Studying the environment and resource use helps people make intelligent choices.

Developing Personal Beliefs Media publicizes environmental issues. Can be confusing due to no clear-cut information to make an informed decision Example: Rainforest Misrepresented by the media Compromising is needed and achieved by conservationists and preservationists. Be properly and thoroughly informed from various sources to develop good personal beliefs about the environment.

Population Growth EN13.02 – Interpret human population growth and the demands it places on the environment and natural resources.

Growing Today for Tomorrow!

Population Number of people in a location World population is “exploding” More people being born; living longer through better health care and wanting more things. INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR LIFE’S NECESSITIES 2003 Population is about 6.2 billion people US Population = 284 million people Southern and Western states are growing faster NC (2000) population is 8,050,000, 11th in the nation.

Population Change Two factors Demography Natural change Migration People born and die Birth rate is average number of births per 1000 people per year. Also called fertility rate Death rate or mortality rate is the average number of deaths per 1000 people per year. As death rate has declined, life expectancy has increased. Migration When people move from one area to another. Demography Science of human population Age, gender, income, race, and education = demographics

World Birth and Death Rates Estimated 2011Average life expectancy at birth is approximately 67 years. Sources: Population Reference Bureau & The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency)    Birth Rate Death Rate • 19 births/1,000 population • 8 deaths/1,000 population • 131.4 million births per year • 55.3 million people die each year • 360,000 births per day • 151,600 people die each day • 15,000 births each hour • 6,316 people die each hour • 250 births each minute • 105 people die each minute • Four births each second of every day • Nearly two people die each second

Population Growth Effort to reduce the rate of population increase Zero population growth is the result of the birth rate equal to the death rate As education increases, fertility rates decline. Extending educational opportunities to all the world’s children can clearly reap vast rewards in lower population growth—which in turn brings greater stability, prosperity, and environmental sustainability. http://www.earth-policy.org/data_highlights/2011/highlights13

Human Population Demands Use of renewable natural resources Plants and animals used as sources of food, clothing, and shelter require these resources Water, soil, air, wildlife, and forests Use of nonrenewable natural resources Cannot be replaced Examples are fossil fuels and minerals

Human Population Demands Sustainable Resource Use Use so they last a long time Laws protect wetlands Important in sustaining ground water supplies and some species of wildlife Considers future impact.

Human Population Demands Population and the Environment Environmental damage areas, such as waste disposal Waste disposal Problem area Unused materials or discarded particles Household waste is waste originating from the home Sewage is liquid waste containing water with solid materials USA – average person creates 4.4lbs of trash and 100 gallons of wastewater per day. Improperly disposed waste causes problems such as contamination.

Humans and Waste

Human Population Demands Global landscape alteration Act of changing the natural environment, shape, or topography of the earth’s surface to get and use resources. Soil degradation is the reduction in soil fertility by altering or carelessly using soil.

Human Population Demands Atmospheric change Actions of people create air pollution Greenhouse effect Warming of the earth’s surface Caused by the CO2 in the air from burning fossil fuels trapping radiation near the earth. Ozone layer Layer of O3 (triatomic oxygen) in the air that prevents harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Layer is developing holes Damage is attributed to CFC’s that are used in aerosols and air conditioners

Overpopulation Leads to depletion of resources, hunger, and conflict Resource depletion Act of using resources faster than they can be restored or preserved Desertification – once productive land forms into desert. Happens to about 15 million acres per year worldwide. Hunter – acute shortage of food Malnourishment – lack of proper nutrients Undernourishment – lack of calories for energy Endangerment – any activity that threatens a species with extinction.