Classification of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. What are some examples of matter?

Define- Properties Extensive Properties- depend on the amount of matter in a sample Intensive Properties- depend on the type of matter Physical Properties- can be observed without changing chemical composition Chemical Properties- can only be observed when changing chemical composition

States Of Matter Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Pearson Chemistry: Kinetic Art

Changes in State liquid *All changes in state are physical changes ! sublimation melting vaporization gas solid liquid condensing freezing deposition *All changes in state are physical changes !

Define- Mixtures Mixtures are two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Mixtures do not have a fixed composition Individual components retain their characteristic properties They can be separated by physical means (physical changes)

Types of Mixtures There are two types of mixtures and each is a class of matter 1. Heterogeneous Mixtures- do not appear the same throughout 2. Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)- do appear the same throughout

Examples of mixtures

Physical Separation Techniques By eye Filtration to separate solid and liquid Distillation to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points Pearson Chemistry: Kinetic Art Chromatography to separate pure liquids or solutions of compounds

Define- Pure Substances There are 2 types of pure substances and each is a class of matter They are composed of the same kind of particles throughout (homogeneous) In Elements, the particles are atoms In Compounds, the particles are molecules or ions

Types of Pure Substances 1. Elements composed of atoms of the same element, all atoms are the same EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Types of Pure Substances 2. Compounds composed of 2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)

Compounds Law of Definite Composition A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements. Law of Multiple Proportions Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

Can it be physically separated? A. Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter A “microscopic” view

PRACTICE PROBLEMS Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous). _____ air _____ oxygen _____ tin can _____ sugar _____ Windex _____ crude oil _____ suntan lotion _____ gummi bear A white solid is dissolved in water. The resulting colorless, clear liquid is boiled in a beaker until dryness. White crystals remain in the beaker. The liquid can be classified as a(n) ________. Classify the following as physical or chemical changes. _____ photosynthesis _____ baking _____ writing with pencil _____ snowing

STUDY PROBLEM 1. Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous). _____ wine _____ root beer _____ penny _____ table salt _____ Bleach _____ wood _____ diamond _____ vinegar 2. A clear blue liquid in an open beaker was left in the hood. After 1 week, the beaker contained only blue crystals. The original liquid can be classified as a(n) ______________. Classify the following as physical or chemical changes. _____ perspiration _____ sugar dissolving _____ fermentation _____ aging