Nutrition Lesson 3: Diets

Diets No single food provides all the nutrients you need to be healthy. Dietary guidelines recommend choosing many different food for nutrients and energy they provide.

Diets TWO THINGS TO THINK ABOUT: WHAT ARE YOU EATING HOW MUCH ARE YOU EATING The USDA Food Guide shows us how to dietary guidelines for Americans into practice. 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EATING: Variety, Balance, and Moderation

Diets www.choosemyplate.gov Reminder to eat healthfully Eat more nutritious foods and less of foods high in solid fat, added sugar, and sodium. MyPlate To remind people to eat healthfully, the United States Department of Agriculture developed MyPlate, MyPlate is a web site that offers a variety of tips, planners and information on selecting the right amount of the right types of food, as well as ideas for increasing physical activity. With just a quick glance at the MyPlate image, you can tell that your plate should be: One-half vegetables and fruits One-quarter grains, preferably whole-grains One-quarter lean protein And include a serving of low-fat dairy. Try to balance your calories by eating more of the foods that are good for you and eating less of the foods that are high in solid fats or added sugar and sodium.

Therapeutic Diets Modifications of normal diet used to improve specific health conditions Normally prescribed by doctor and planned by dietician May change nutrients, caloric content and/or texture May seem strange and even unpleasant to the patient

Lesson 3–Diets A therapeutic diet is a modification of a normal diet for health reasons. Examples: Clear liquid diet Full liquid diet Soft food diet Bland food diet Low-residue diet Low-sodium diet Low-protein diet Therapeutic Diets MyPlate is a great tool to help most people make nutritious, healthy food choices. But some people need to follow a therapeutic diet. A therapeutic diet is a modification of a normal diet for health reasons. Therapeutic diets may increase or decrease body weight, aid digestion, or treat and prevent health problems. Therapeutic diets are usually prescribed by a health care worker, such as a physician or dietician. The following are some types of therapeutic diets: A clear liquid diet includes water, fruit juices without pulp, plain coffee and tea, fat-free broths, soft drinks, gelatin, fruit ice, popsicles, and clear hard candy. A clear liquid diet may be used to aid digestion before and after surgery. It may also be given in preparation for medical tests. A full liquid diet includes all liquids. In addition to clear liquids, it includes milk, all vegetable and fruit juices, yogurt, cooked cereals, strained soups, pudding, ice cream, sherbet, butter, margarine, cream, honey, and syrup. A full liquid diet may be used before and after surgery. It may also be prescribed for patients with chewing or swallowing problems. A soft diet includes foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Foods may be softened by cooking and mashing them. A soft diet may be used before and after surgery. It may also be used for patients who have digestive problems. And it may be prescribed for patients with chewing or swallowing problems. A bland diet consists of foods that are mildly seasoned and soft. The following foods should be avoided: whole-grain breads and cereals, raw fruits and vegetables, smoked and salted meats or fish, coarse foods, fried foods, spicy foods, carbonated beverages, coffee and tea, pastries, and candy. A bland diet may be used for patients who have digestive problems. A low-residue diet limits fiber in the diet. A low-residue diet may be used for patients who have digestive and rectal problems. A low-sodium diet limits salt in the diet. This diet may be used for patients who have heart disease and high blood pressure. A low-protein diet may be used for patients who have kidney and liver problems. A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet may be used for patients who have heart disease. A low-sugar diet may be used for patients who have diabetes. A high-calorie diet may be used for patients who are underweight or who have cancer or anorexia nervosa. A low-calorie diet may be used for patients who are overweight.

Clear Liquid Diet A clear liquid diet includes: water, fruit juices without pulp, plain coffee and tea, fat-free broths, soft drinks, gelatin, fruit ice, popsicles, and clear hard candy. A clear liquid diet may be used to aid digestion before and after surgery. It may also be given in preparation for medical tests.

Full Liquid Diet A full liquid diet includes all liquids. In addition to clear liquids, it includes: Milk, All vegetable and fruit juices Yogurt Cooked cereals Strained soups Pudding, ice cream, sherbet Butter, margarine, cream, honey, and syrup. A full liquid diet may be used before and after surgery. It may also be prescribed for patients with chewing or swallowing problems.

Soft Food Diet A soft diet includes foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Foods may be softened by cooking and mashing them. A soft diet may be used before and after surgery. It may also be used for patients who have digestive problems. And it may be prescribed for patients with chewing or swallowing problems.

Bland Diet The following foods should be avoided: A bland diet consists of foods that are mildly seasoned, soft, and low in dietary fiber. A bland diet can help treat ulcers, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gas, or after stomach/intestinal surgery. Food include: Low fat dairy, cooked or canned vegetables, crackers, hot cereal, lean tender meat, peanut butter, eggs, soup, tofu The following foods should be avoided: whole-grain breads and cereals raw fruits and vegetables smoked and salted meats or fish coarse foods fried or spicy foods carbonated beverages, coffee, tea, and candy.

Low Diets A low-residue diet limits fiber in the diet. A low-residue diet may be used for patients who have digestive and rectal problems. A low-sodium diet limits salt in the diet. This diet may be used for patients who have heart disease and high blood pressure. A low-protein diet may be used for patients who have kidney and liver problems. A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet may be used for patients who have heart disease. A low-sugar diet may be used for patients who have diabetes.

Calorie Diets A high-calorie diet may be used for patients who are underweight or who have cancer or anorexia nervosa. A low-calorie diet may be used for patients who are overweight.