The Road to Civil War American History 20G

What do we already know about the USA in the 19th Century (1800’s) Cotton & Slavery South vs. North Underground Railroad

Five Causes of the Civil War States’ Rights Economic differences between the North and South Westward expansion and slavery Slaveholders vs. Abolitionists Abraham Lincoln’s election How did the USA get to that point?

Secession To withdraw formally from an alliance or union.

The Road to Civil War The rift between the southern and northern states grew stronger as new states wanted to be part of the Union. There were 22 states in the Union: 11 Free & 11 Slave In 1820 Missouri wants to be considered as a slave state. The national government tried to ensure that the Union would stay together.

The Missouri Compromise (1820) Would allow Missouri to join the Union as a slave state if Maine could join as a free state. Established a “border” between slave and free states. This compromise was effective for a number of years – almost thirty! However, after about 1850, problems began to occur and the compromise was less and less effective.

COMPROMISE OF 1850 COMPROMISE AGAIN! With the USA acquiring new territories, the balance between slave and free states was only temporary. 1.) California enters as a FREE state. 2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by local populations. 3.) ENDED slave trading in Washington D.C. 4.) Made the Fugitive Slave Law Again, problems get better for a short period of time and then became worse

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW (1850) This law was part of the compromise of 1850. It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves. If a person did not comply, they cold be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months. MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery. Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery. http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/micro/222/8.html

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner. After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. Southerners said the book was full of LIES! http://www.uwm.edu/Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg150.htm

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by local populations. Led to violence in the Senate. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers in ONE AREA and this leads to conflict! Northerners believe this REVERSES the Missouri Compromise. Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. http://encarta.msn.com/media

DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857) Dred Scott was a slave. He had lived in a free territory with his owner. His owner moved back into a slave state. While there, the owner died. Scott had ABOLITIONIST attorneys file a law suit for him. It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST. The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but RATHER property and therefore he could not file a lawsuit. Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. http://encarta.msn.com/media

Election of 1860 Stephen Douglas (Democrat) believed in deciding slavery by popular sovereignty. Abraham Lincoln (Republican) believed that slavery should NOT be allowed to spread into the territories. Lincoln wins! http://encarta.msn.com/media

Secession After the 1860 election, Southerners believed that the election of a president who was against slavery threatened the survival of the South. December 20, 1860: South Carolina was the first state to secede. Six other states seceded in the following weeks In February, 1861 the seceded states joined together to create the Confederate States of America (CSA).

Civil War begins… The Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter (a federal army base in the newly formed Confederacy) The Civil War began. (Fort Sumter – page 17)

The American Civil War Worksheet (Answer Key) North South Population 22,000,000 9,000,000 # of States 24 11 Industrial Development Industrial, commercial, financial, 92% of nation’s industries Agricultural Transportation facilities Railroads Limited transportation Financial Resources -Owned most of USA’s gold - Had metals & supplies Wealth was in slaves and agriculture Naval Power Had control of the Navy Very limited (at least in the beginning

Northern Military Strategy: Northern War Aims: To restore the Union After 1862 (freedom for slaves) Southern War Aims: A defensive war Fight for independence Northern Military Strategy: Cripple the south by blockading confederate coastline Split Confederacy in two Seize Richmond, Virginia Southern Military Strategy: Defence! One exception though: attack Maryland & Pennsylvania to disrupt the Union lines of communication

Union Confederate

1) Was successful, over time it became increasingly successful South had counted on exporting products to help pay for the war. 2) Wanted cheaper goods and wanted another country to sell their manufactured goods to.