one of the most important environmental limiting factors for plants

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Aims of the session: Take measurements of leaves + see if xerophytes have a different pattern of mass loss Learn about the adaptations xerophytes have.

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Presentation transcript:

one of the most important environmental limiting factors for plants PLANTS AND WATER one of the most important environmental limiting factors for plants © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Hydrophytes Plants adapted to excessive amounts of water Elodea canadensis © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS © P Billiet

Mesophytes Plants adapted to moderate amounts of water © P Billiet Ranunculus ficaria © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Xerophytes Plants adapted to low amounts of water Eryngium maritimum www.geog.sussex.ac.uk/.../slides/SeaHolly.jpg Eryngium maritimum © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Halophytes Plants which can grow in salty environments. www.plant-identification.co.uk/images/chenopo... Salicornia europaea Plants which can grow in salty environments. Water may be abundant but because of osmotic forces it may be unobtainable to the plant tissues without special adaptations © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Hydrophytes © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS www.british-wild-flowers.co.uk/00%20John%20So... www.smgrowers.com/.../Vallisneria_gigantea.jpg © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Hydrophytes © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS www.northern.edu/.../leaf%20example2%20copy.JPG www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db26/Fotos-Hassler/S... © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Xerophytes Plants which live in arid environments © P Billiet Plants which live in arid environments © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Xerophytes Reduced leaf surface Rolled leaves © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS © P Billiet Reduced leaf surface Rolled leaves © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Xerophytes Water storing tissues © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS © P Billiet

Xerophytes © P Billiet Ilex aquifolium Waxy leaves

Xerophytes Reduced leaf surface Reduced number of stomata The stomata are often sunken in pits to prevent water vapour from being blown away Grasses may roll their leaves up to enclose their stomata in the same way A thick waxy cuticle Succulent tissue which can store large amounts of water They may have an extensive rooting system © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

Xerophytes They may able to withstand an excessive desiccation of their tissues A metabolism which permits them to open their stomata at night and combine CO2 with organic acids in the dark Crassulation Acid Metabolism or CAM C4 plants have evolved an enzyme which fixes CO2 with organic acids This enzyme has a higher affinity for CO2 than Rubisco These plants can photosynthesis with stomata that are not so wide open as the normal plants (C3 plants), reducing water loss © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS