Assessment of mouse hind limb endothelial function by measuring femoral artery blood flow responses Chao-Hung Wang, MD, Kuo-Ti Chen, MS, Hsiu-Fu Mei,

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Assessment of mouse hind limb endothelial function by measuring femoral artery blood flow responses Chao-Hung Wang, MD, Kuo-Ti Chen, MS, Hsiu-Fu Mei, BS, Ju-Fang Lee, MS, Wen-Jin Cherng, MD, Shing-Jong Lin, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 53, Issue 5, Pages 1350-1358 (May 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128 Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A, A segment of the left femoral artery was chosen between the inguinal ligament and the first major branch. B, The femoral artery explored to a length of about 7 mm. C, The explored femoral artery was hooked up to a laser flow detector to measure the blood flow velocity. D, Injection of normal saline used as the control. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation was assessed by injecting acetylcholine (ACH) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively, from a catheter inserted in the right femoral artery. FABF, Femoral artery blood flow. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 53, 1350-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A, Endothelial injury induced by rose bengal-associated (R) photochemical injury. The light source covered the entire length of the femoral artery. B, A confocal laser-scanning microscope was used to demonstrate the photochemical injury to endothelial cells by different durations of light exposure of 5 to 30 minutes. Blue, nuclei; green, internal and external elastic lamina (IEL); red, CD31 (original magnification, ×630). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 53, 1350-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Histologic analyses by hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrating the rose-bengal (R) photochemical injury to endothelial cells by different durations (5 to 30 min) of light exposure. The arrows indicate the endothelial cells lining the internal elastic lamina of the femoral artery (original magnification, ×500). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 53, 1350-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 A series of recordings show endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the left femoral artery after 5 minutes of rose bengal-associated photochemical injury from 0 to 60 min and at 24 hours after the injury. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilatation is shown 24 hours after the photochemical injury. ACH, Acetylcholine; FABF, femoral artery blood flow. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 53, 1350-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 A, Wire-induced femoral artery injury. Histologic findings before and 24 hours after wire injury are shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining and confocal immunostaining. The black arrows designate elastic lamina, and blue arrows designate endothelial cells; blue, CD31; red, α-smooth muscle actin; green, elastic lamina. B, Injection of normal saline used as the control. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation was assessed by, respectively, injecting acetylcholine (ACH) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Both functions were impaired 24 hours after the wire-induced vascular injury. FABF, Femoral artery blood flow. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 53, 1350-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.128) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions