Organization of Congress

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Presentation transcript:

Organization of Congress

History of Congress (Confederation) 2nd Continental Congress Unicameral System Very Limited Authority Mainly State Oriented

History of Congress (Constitutional) Bicameral System British Parliament/Colonial Legislatures Virginia/New Jersey Plans Checks and Balances Disputes Between Parties

Political Parties in Congress Splits Congress Select Candidates/Distribute Power Most Seats = Power

Terms/Sessions Term of Congress – length of time between elections. Session of Congress – two formal meetings in each term in which members perform legislative work. Special Session – Mtg called by President to deal with a pressing issue.

Senate 100 Seats 6 year term Qualifications include 30 yrs old, citizen for 9 years, live in state represented. Senate known as continuous body because all its seats are never up for election at the same time. Senate known as upper house because it is smaller, more prestigious, and has a longer term of office.

House 435 seats 2 year term Qualifications include 25 yrs old, citizen for 7 years, lives in district represented

Congressional Districts “One person, One vote” Principle Reapportionments Gerrymandering

Historical Changes 17th Amendment (Direct Election) 20th Amendment (Lame Duck) Reapportionment Act of 1929

Demographics Senate House 101 Women (18.7%) 54 to 45 (Republicans) House 247 to 188 (Republicans) 101 Women (18.7%) 44 African Americans (8.1%) 53 Others

Religious Demographics 299 Protestant (56%) 163 Catholic (31%) 33 Jewish (6.2%) 15 Mormons (2.8%)

Committees Leads to a form of Specialization Forms: Examples: Standing Joint Select Conference Examples: Resources Budget Agriculture

Leadership in Senate President of Senate: Joe Biden President Pro Tempore: Orrin Hatch (R) Republican Majority Minority Party Majority Party Democrat Republican Leader: Harry Reid Leader: Mitch McConnell Whip: Richard Durbin Whip: John Cornyn

Leadership in House Speaker of the House: Paul Ryan (R) Republican Majority Majority Party Minority Party Republican Democrat Leader: Kevin McCarthy Leader: Nancy Pelosi Whip: Steve Scalise Whip: Steny Hoyer

Debate in the House Restricted Debate Rules Committee Open or Closed Rule

Debate in the Senate Usually limitless Open Rule Filibusters Cloture

Congressional Staff/Agencies Created for relief of Congress Advise Politicians Coordinate Budget Handles Documents

Works Cited Notes from Lectures www.senate.gov www.house.gov http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs- publish.cfm?pid=%260BL%2BR%5CC%3F%0A www.thesocietypages.org Textbook: Pages 692-694