Muscular System NOTES V.

Muscular System PART II., IV. And V. OBJECTIVES Muscle Movements, Types and Names (pp. 198 – 206) Define prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to muscles. Identify these types of body movements (from images): flexion/extension, supination/pronation, adduction/abduction, opposition, rotation List criteria used in naming muscles. Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (pp. 206 – 219) Name and locate the major muscles of the human body. Developmental Aspects (p. 221) Explain the importance of a nerve supply and exercise in keeping muscles healthy. Describe the changes that occur in aging muscles. Systems in Sync (p. 222) Be prepared to describe the homeostatic relationship between the muscular system and any three other systems.

Anterior and Posterior Diagrams *See Text p. 216 and 218

What’s in a name? MUSCLES ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO: Muscle size - Ex: Gluteus maximus Muscle shape – Exs: Trapezius and Rhomboideus Associated bones – Examples: Zygomaticus Action of the muscle – Example: Flexor carpi ulnaris Location – sternocleidomastoid

More about names…… Orbicularis - orbit, circular muscle Major/Minor - large/small or sometimes upper and lower Vastus - large Dorsi or Dorsal - backside Infra / Supra - lower and upper Longis / Brevis - long/ short (brief) Medialis / Lateralus - medial (toward the inside), lateral (toward the outside)

Major Muscles of the Face and Neck A. Frontalis F. Temporalis G. Obicularis oculi B. Occipitalis C. Masseter H. Zygomaticus I. Obicularis oris J. Buccinator D. Sternocleidomastoid K. Platysma

A Human Body Dissected

Major Muscles of the Anterior Trunk A. Sternocleidomastoid H. Zygomaticus B. Pectoralis minor I. Deltoid J. Pectoralis major C. Intercostals D. Serratus anterior E. Rectus abdominus F. Internal oblique K. External oblique G. Transversus abdominus

Major Muscles of the Posterior Trunk D. Levator scapulae A. Trapezius B. Deltoid F. Infraspinatus H. Teres major C. Latissimus dorsi I. Rhomboideus

Two areas used for intramuscular injections Deltoid Gluteus medius

Major Muscles of the Lower Arm (Pronated – radius rotated over ulna) A. Triceps brachii D. Extensor carpi radialis B. Flexor carpi ulnaris (C. and E.) Extensors

Major Muscles of the Lower Arm (Supinated – radius and ulna are parallel) A. Biceps brachii D. Brachioradialis E. Flexor carpi radialis F.-G. various flexors

*Define prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to muscles. A prime mover is the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement. Synergists – reinforce the same movement as the prime mover. If it stabilizes the movement it may be called a fixator. Antagonists – oppose or reverse a movement.

Major Muscles of the Anterior Upper Leg B. Sartorius E. Adductors C. Rectus femoris D. Vastus lateralis F. Gracilis G. Vastus medialis

Major Muscles of the Posterior Upper Leg A. Gluteus medius B. Gluteus maximus C. Iliotibial tract D. Gracilis E-F. Semitendinosus* H. Biceps femoris* G. Gastrocnemius *E. F. and H. are commonly known as the Hamstrings.

Major Muscles of the Lateral Upper Leg A. Gluteus medius B. Gluteus maximus E. Sartorius F. Rectus femoris G. Vastus lateralis C. Biceps femoris

Major Muscles of the Lateral Lower Leg A. Biceps femoris B. Vastus lateralis C. Gastrocnemius E. Tibialis D. Soleus

Muscle Movements

Developmental Aspects Embryonic Development laid down in segments (somites) and then nervous tissue develops Maturation of Muscle Control cephalic to caudal direction (head to tail) Babies raise their head, then sit up, and then stand proximal to distal direction- gross motor skills first, fine motor skills last

Aging Effects atrophy- decrease in muscle tissue, increase in connective tissue over time muscles become stringier, more sinewy decreased muscle strength aging can be delayed (and to a degree reversed) with regular exercise

muscle tendon ligament

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