The Circulatory System

Circulatory system What is the function of the circulatory system? It carries oxygen, food and wastes through blood vessels in our body It follows 2 pathways to accomplish this:

Two Pathways 1. Pulmonary Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation A type of circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs and then back to the heart 2. Systemic Circulation A type of circulation that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body and then back to the heart

Circulatory System Consists of… Blood Vessels Blood Heart

BLOOD VESSELS

There are 3 types of blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins

Arteries: carries blood Away from heart Arteries are vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body They have thick muscular walls They expand and contract as blood is pumped through them in pulses The Aorta is the LARGEST artery in the body

Arterioles: small branch of an artery that carries oxygenated blood from the artery to the capillary

Capillaries Smallest vessel; microscopic Walls of the capillaries are one cell thick They are close to every body cell Dissolved nutrients, wastes and oxygen are exchanged between the blood and the intercellular fluid of these capillary walls

Veins: Carries blood[toward the heart] that contains waste and CO2 Veins have Valves to prevent much gravity pull[backward flow] They have thin walls and no elasticity

BLOOD

Blood is liquid connective tissue Blood transports oxygen & nutrients to the cells of the body 8% of your body weight is due to blood Blood consist of 

Plasma Plasma is the yellow serum liquid portion of your blood It consist of water and other substances It transports hormones, nutrients and wastes There are 4 proteins found in plasma

The 4 proteins found in plasma are: 1. albumin: helps thicken the blood 2. antibodies: fights infections and protects you from illness 3. fibrinogen: aids in clotting 4. prothrobin: aids in clotting

Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Has a red pigment called hemoglobin Hemoglobin carries oxygen

Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection and repairs injury Attack foreign substances There are several types of white blood cells:

WBC Neutrophils fight bacterial infections Eosinophils fight allergic reactions Basophils release histamine to respond to a suspected infection

Lymphocytes helps fight viral infections and produces antibodies Monocytes helps fight viral infections Phagocytes engulfs foreign matters, destroys it and removes it from the body

Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood

Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured. Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

HEART

characteristics of the heart Located between the lungs Protected by your rib cage It’s the size of your fist

It’s made up of cardiac muscle tissue It weighs 11 oz. It has 4 chambers and 4 valves

The function of the heart is to pump and circulate blood It beats about 68-75 beats per minute when you’re at rest

Blood Flow Through the Heart ©COPY 1997 HeartPoint

Blood’s Path Through the Heart 1. Vena Cava 2.Right atrium 3.tricuspid valve

4. right ventricle{deoxygenated blood} 5. pulmonary valve open/closes 6. pulmonary artery

Blood’s Path Through the Heart (cont) 7. Lungs{gas exchange the blood gets oxygen, the lungs gets carbon dioxide} 8.oxygenated blood enters back in through the pulmonary vein 9. left atrium

10. mitral valve opens/close 11. left ventricle 12. aortic valve opens/close

13. aorta [oxygenated blood] 14. Back to the body [gas exchange the blood gets carbon dioxide and the cells get oxygen]

15. travels through veins, enters into the vena cava 16. And then it starts ALL over again starting in the ________________

The human heart is separated into left and right sides to separate oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood Each time blood travels from one chamber to the next, it goes through a __________

Heartbeat Regulation The force of blood from left ventricle into arteries is called a pulse There are 9 pulse points in the body

Pulse points 1. superficial temporal artery 2. common carotid artery neck 3. facial artery corners of the mouth

4. axillary artery armpit 5. radial artery wrist 6. brachial artery in front of the elbow

7. femoral artery groin 8. popliteal artery behind the knee 9. dorsalis pedas artery top of the foot

What is a pacemaker? an electrical signal that spreads outward from a spot in the wall of the right atrium to the rest of the heart it begins each heart beat

The pacemaker is also called the sinus node

What is an EKG? a record of electrical changes in the heart

Blood Pressure Blood against the blood vessel’s walls The systolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood. The diastolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill with blood. A normal blood pressure is 120/80

DISORDERS[these are NOT in order] Cardiovascular disease: a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Cardiovascular disease is caused by consuming large amounts of saturated fats

ATHEROSCLEROSIS -Fatty deposits called plaque builds up in walls of arteries This condition obstructs the flow of blood

Hypertension High blood pressure

Heart Attack: damage to the heart muscles caused by a reduced or blocked supply of blood

Stroke Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to brain Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen

Angina pectoris: chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen Arrhythmias: irregular heart beat

Anemia: an insufficient amount of hemoglobin ; low iron Leukemia: a disease in the bone marrow characterized by uncontrolled production of non functional white blood cells

Current PREVENTION Recommendations Regular exercise Weight control Well balanced diet Do not smoke Diet low in saturated fat

Blood Types: The 4 blood types are:

There are marker molecules attached to red blood cells These markers determine your blood type Your blood type is inherited from your parents Type O universal donor Type AB universal recipient

Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited: determines if your blood type is Rh+ or Rh–

WHEW! THAT WAS WAAAAAAAAAAAY TOO MANY NOTES!!!!!!!!!!