Chapter 3, Lesson 5 Spain Portugal colonies colonies colonies colonies ACOS #4: Explain effects of European exploration upon European society and Native Americans, including the economic and cultural impact. ACOS #4a: Identify significant early European patrons and explorers and early settlements. ACOS #4b: Locate the countries of origin of early European patrons and explorers. Chapter 3, Lesson 5

Key Vocabulary Words colony – settlement ruled by a distant country. mission – a Christian settlement and religious community. hacienda – a plantation or large ranch. A hacienda often had its own village and church. convert – to force or convince someone to change to another religion. revolt – a rebellion against a ruler.

New Spain Grows By 1535, the Spanish government controlled the former Aztec empire in Mexico. They made it a colony called “New Spain”. New Spain grew larger: settlers started towns, farmed the land, dug mines looking for gold. A colony is an area of land ruled by another country

New Spain Grows More Spanish settlers, soldiers, and priests arrived. A mission was a New Spain Grows religious community where priests taught Christianity. More Spanish settlers, soldiers, and priests arrived. The Spanish started settlements called missions. They built presidios to protect their colonies. A presidio was a fort.

New Settlements The English, French, Dutch, and Russians also wanted to explore North America. In 1565, Pedro Áviles started the settlement of St. Augustine in Florida. It is the oldest city in the United States.

Saint Augustine Saint Augustine Fort Video

Life in New Spain A hacienda is a large farm or ranch. The Spanish did not find much gold, instead they found large amounts of silver underground. They built large haciendas and forced the Indians to work their fields and mines. Many of the Indians died from overwork.

Life in New Spain The Spanish brought in African slaves to replace the thousands of Indians that had died. Priests tried to convert Indians to the Spanish religion, Roman Catholicism. Convert means to Some Indians accepted the Spanish way of life. Bartolomé de las Casas spoke against the mistreatment of the Indians and convinced the king to make laws against it. The settlers ignored these laws. change a religion or a belief.

Did Spanish hacienda owners rely on American Indians to farm the land? Yes. American Indians were forced to work at haciendas and were often cheated out of their pay. Many of them died from overwork in Spanish fields and mines. Because of this, the Spanish brought enslaved Africans to replace the thousands of American Indians who had died.

What did Spanish colonists build in the Americas? They build religious settlements called missions.

Some Indians fought back! A Pueblo Indian leader, Popé, led a revolt against the Spanish in 1680. A revolt is The Pueblo Indians kept the Spanish out of New Mexico until 1692, when the Spanish returned and conquered them. a violent uprising against a leader.

Why It Matters…… The growth of New Spain spread Spanish language and customs in the southern United States.