Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges Dr. Craig A Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges Dr. Craig A. Stewart Executive Director, Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute & Associate Dean, Research Technologies 14 September 2016

Please cite as Stewart, C.A. (2016). Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges. Presented at Cook Group, Bloomington, IN. Retrieved from ###___ License terms for Stewart’s slides: cc by 3.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ License terms for slides from other sources have license information indicated

Outline Chess – where this all began Watson and Jeopardy Watson medical applications IU’s Grand Challenge project: Precision Health Initiative And a few thoughts about the future….

The origin of Watson was in Deep Blue 1996 – Kasparov wins 1997 – Deep Blue wins Deep Blue could evaluate 200 million positions per second By Copyright 2007, S.M.S.I., Inc. - Owen Williams, The Kasparov Agency. - http://www.kasparovagent.com/photo_gallery.php, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4507359

Amazing and it changed the game of chess but…. Used special purpose hardware Very much a “closed form” problem and a ”closed form” solution Approach was based on automating rules humans understood

Watson Named after Thomas J. Watson Sr., CEO of IBM from 1914-1956 Originally designed to play Jeopardy Watson beat two former winners in 2011 (and beat them handily) Had most difficulty with questions with short answers and odd clues. In category ‘US Cities’ for example: "Its largest airport is named for a World War II hero, its second largest for a World War II battle." Had processed 200 million pages of data

How Watson evaluates data

AI: Artificial Intelligence or Assisted Intelligence? Natural Language Processing: Attempts to convert human language into logical statements (and probabilities) that computers can manipulate Machine learning – one current approach based on statistical inference IBM – DeepQA (Question Answering) Massive parallelism Many experts Pervasive confidence estimation Integrate shallow and deep knowledge This is VERY different than the Deep Blue approach

IBM’s new concept – cognitive health care What is Watson now: “IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data” Key issue: the use of the tool and the hardware are being separated from each other IBM assertion: less than 50% of medical decisions meet evidence-based medicine standards

Early implementations in medicine Oncology partnership with MSK Watson (Memorial Sloan Kettering) Distills tremendous amounts of information down to a specific set of treatments MSK is training it like they would train an intern Watson Health Medical Imaging Collaborative Focused on interpretation of radiology images Examples score a coronary angiogram Eye health

Early projects in health Population health management Data management Risk management Care management Helped reduce costs at two ACOs by > $6M

“Jeopardy of a different sort - What is trastuzumab?”

“Jeopardy of a different sort - What is trastuzumab?” One possible treatment for breast cancer that is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)

The critical benefits For medical care providers technology based on Watson Expands expertise Transports expertise Improves access to expertise (now cloud based) For medical industry producers Watson could Make it easier to inform practitioners about when and how to use a product that they might otherwise not be familiar with For patients Better information often leads to better engagement and better outcomes

Switching gears - IU Grand Challenges Grand Challenges are defined in the Bicentennial Strategic Plan as “major and large-scale problems” facing humanity that can “only be addressed by multidisciplinary teams of the best researchers.” Very definitely a change in philosophy for IU research

Precision Health Initiative Indiana University School of Medicine and its partner IU schools, along with external corporate participants, propose a bold plan within their Precision Health Initiative (PHI) grand challenge. The goal of the PHI grand challenge is to position IU among the leading universities in understanding and optimizing the prevention, onset, treatment, progression and health outcomes of human diseases through a more precise definition of the genetic, developmental, behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to an individual’s health.

Person-based health

Precision genomics impact on Progression Free survival

Structure Genomic Medicine Cell, Gene and Immune Therapy Chemical Biology and Biotherapeutics Data and Informatics Sciences Psychosocial, Behavioral and Ethics

Pervasive Technology Institute involvement (1) Continue to run the workflows we understand on our new supercomputer

Pervasive Technology Institute involvement (2) Work with the School of Medicine and the School of Informatics and Computing to develop new approaches to data analytics and high performance computing Develop new open source tools for analysis of data

Cook® Medical Involvement Cook Regentec is one of the partners in this Grand Challenge project Cook Regentec is partnering cGMP facility and will be our partner to commercialize any therapies we develop in the Cell, Gene therapy cluster. (Rob Lyles is on the advisory board for PHI)

We are at the front end of a national transition

Thanks to the partner institutions who are making Jetstream possible!

Jetstream is supported by: NSF award 1445604 Acknowledgments Jetstream is supported by: NSF award 1445604 Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute Thanks to everyone in the Research Technologies Division of UITS and the Pervasive Technology Institute For more information about the Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute in general see pti.iu.edu For more information on Jetstream see jetstream-cloud.org

Thank you for your attention Questions?