Membrane Structure – Terms (p. 5-6) Phospholipid Phosphate group Fatty acid chains (saturated / unsat) Bilayer Hydrophilic / phobic Cholesterol Transmembrane / integral proteins Peripheral proteins Fluid mosaic model

Polar / nonpolar > bilayer Non-polar core > barrier Membrane Structure – Ideas Polar / nonpolar > bilayer Non-polar core > barrier Sat / unsat > stable and flexible Cholesterol = strength

Selectively permeable Size, polarity and charge Channel proteins Barrier and Gatekeeper – Terms (p. 8) Selectively permeable Size, polarity and charge Channel proteins Carrier proteins Protein pumps

Barrier and Gatekeeper – Ideas Barrier > homeostasis Gatekeeper > exchange materials Water Oxygen / carbon dioxide Ions Sugars / amino acids difference: channels, carriers and pumps

Diffusion (net movement) Dynamic equilibrium Gradient Diffusion – Terms (p. 9) Brownian motion Concentration Diffusion (net movement) Dynamic equilibrium Gradient Passive transport

Gradient causes diffusion Spreading out – no energy Diffusion – Ideas Gradient causes diffusion Spreading out – no energy Types of molecules / examples Analysis – dialysis tubing, indicators

Isotonic / hypertonic / hypotonic Osmosis – Terms (p. 11-12) Aquaporin channels Osmosis Solute concentration Isotonic / hypertonic / hypotonic Lyse, crenate, turgid (turgor pressure), flaccid, plasmolyzed

Water moves with difficulty Vs. diffusion Osmosis – Ideas Water moves with difficulty Vs. diffusion How cells control osmosis (2 ways) Adaptations Analysis – what will move where?

Channel vs channel proteins Stretch, electrical, chemical gates Ligand Facilitated Diffusion – Terms (p. 13-14) Facilitate Channel vs channel proteins Stretch, electrical, chemical gates Ligand

Types of molecules / examples What moves through channels / carriers Facilitated Diffusion – Ideas Types of molecules / examples What moves through channels / carriers Channel specificity

Active Transport – Terms (p. 15) Against gradient Primary and secondary Single / double pump ATP hydrolysis Ion gradient – potential energy Cotransport / symport Exchange / antiport

Primary active transport – single vs double pump Active Transport – Ideas Primary active transport – single vs double pump Secondary active transport – reliance on primary, different types Proteins – pumps and channels

Endocytosis / Exocytosis (p. 19) Types of materials transported Difference (in vs out) Vesicles Examples of when each used

Other Proteins Markers – identify / recognition, glycoproteins, antigens Adhesion – adhesins, tissue formation, actin-binding (cytoskel) Receptors – integral + cytoplasm and nucleus, receive signals, ligand, biochemical pathway (signal transduction) Enzymes – biochemical pathway, intracellular signaling, photo / resp