Personality Type and Learning Style of the Intro to Business Student: A Bridge to Stronger Teams Presented by: Anne Rich and Susan Terkelsen Cedarville University CBFA Conference, October 6-8, 2016

Presentation Goals Explain use of Personality Type Analysis in the Intro to Business Course Show the Personality Type of CU Students Present thoughts about Personality Type and Learning/Teaching Methods in the Classroom

Personality Type Analysis in Into to Business Course

The Business Profession: Course Objectives Write and defend a business plan Become more aware of God-given talents and abilities and how that fits with business Develop and communicate a biblically based position on capitalism Intentionally network with classmates, faculty, and other business professionals.

MyPlan Personality Test Similar to Myers-Briggs personality test* Identifies four personality characteristics Myers-Briggs test is used by 89% of Fortune 100** Identifies team building strengths *Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (n.d.) Consulting Psychologists Press. Retrieved from https://www.cpp.com/products/mbti/index.aspx **Paul, A. The Cult of Personality. (2004). New York: Free Press, A Division of Simon & Shuster.

MyPlan www.myplan.com MyPlan test

Four Personality Dimensions Extravert (E) Introvert (I) Sensing (S) Intuitive (N) Thinking (T) Feeling (F) Judging (J) Perceiving (P) 100% 0% 100%

Personality Combinations ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ ISTP ISFP INFP INTP ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ

MyPlan www.myplan.com

Extraversion Introversion Extraversion-Introversion Dichotomy Extraversion Introversion Focus is on people and outside world Focus is on thoughts and ideas Prefer to communicate ideas verbally Prefer to convey ideas in writing Develop ideas through discussion with others Work out ideas by reflecting on them Learn best by talking through ideas Learn best by personal reflection

Team dynamics - spend time generating ideas as a group If you are working on a team with an Extravert: - spend time generating ideas as a group - list ideas on white board - talk through implementation of your project ideas as a group - remember that extraverts need to discuss ideas with their group to fully comprehend and to develop new ideas

Team dynamics If you are working on a team with an Introvert: - Give an agenda ahead of time so introverts can begin formulating ideas and how to express them - Take a short meeting break and give everyone time to write down their ideas - Don’t ask for immediate response – introverts need time to think - Specifically invite each person in the group to give responses - Don’t assume that silence means agreement

Sensing–Intuition Dichotomy: How do you evaluate information? Prefer to focus on facts and data Prefer to focus on the patterns and meanings in data Use step-by-step problem-solving approach to find specific answers Look for connections and answers to “why” questions Use practical applications to aid understanding of concepts Seek to identify underlying theories and “big picture” before application to practice

Team dynamics If you are working on a team with a Sensor: - Ask sensors to present the facts - Sensors excel at identifying the important details - Ask sensors to take the group step-by-step through the project and keep the group on task If you are working on a team with an Intuitive: - Ask the intuitives to identify what the group might might be missing - Encourage them to identify patters or a new approach - Business Plan Task: generate new business ideas

Thinking–Feeling Dichotomy: How do you make decisions? Rely on logic to make rational decisions Consider how decisions will affect other people Identify pros and cons objectively Pursue harmony among group members Seek fairness and equality Guided by empathy and compassion

Team Dynamics If you are working on a team with a Thinker: - Ask thinkers to identify goals and objectives - Assign them to lead the group in developing an implementation plan - Business plan task: Provide agenda for each group meeting If you are working on a team with a Feeler: - Encourage feelers to identify a solution which will be acceptable to everyone - Ask feelers to explain perspectives of different group members - Feelers are “gold” on your team for gaining consensus and reaching agreement on the plan

Judging-Perceiving Dichotomy: How do you make decisions? Like to have decisions made quickly Postpone decisions to obtain more information Prefer being organized and methodical Prefer flexibility, spontaneity, openness to change Plan carefully in order to avoid last-minute stresses Feel energized by last-minute pressures

Team Dynamics If you are working on a team with a Judger: - Expect that the judger will want to make decisions quickly - Ask this team member to schedule when aspects of the project need to be completed and to keep everyone on schedule If you are working on a team with a Perceiver: - Task the perceiver with collection of more information on alternative solutions - Set a deadline for when the final decision will be made

Myers Briggs At Work ISTJ Life’s natural organizers ISFJ Committed to getting the job done INFJ An inspiring leader and follower INTJ Life’s independent thinkers ISTP Just do it! ISFP Action speaks louder than words INFP Making life kinder and gentler INTP Life’s problem solvers ESTP Making the most of the moment ESFP Let’s make work fun! ENFP People are the product ENTP Progress is the product ESTJ Life’s natural administrators ESFJ Everyone’s trusted friend ENFJ Smooth-talking persuaders ENTJ Life’s natural leaders

Personality type of CU Students

MyPlan personality type Results Letter Count Percentage E 240 60% I 159 40% N 135 34% S 264 66% T 227 57% F 172 43% J 302 76% P 97 24% 399 Business Majors Extravert Sensing Thinking Judging

MyPlan personality type Results Number of Students Percentage of all Majors ESTJ 65 16.29% ISTJ 63 15.79% ESFJ 50 12.53% ENFJ 44 11.03% ISFJ 26 6.52% ENTJ 23 5.76% ESTP INTJ 20 5.01% ESFP 14 3.51% ISTP 13 3.26% INFJ 11 2.76% ENFP ENTP 10 2.51% ISFP INTP INFP 6 1.50% Grand Total 399 100.00% 32% of students share the STJ dimension Over 50% of students are one of the top four types

MyPlan personality type Results Business Majors by Major   Type ACCT FIN GLBUS ITM MGMT MRKT SBMGT Grand Total ESTJ 10 13 2 8 19 9 4 65 ISTJ 7 63 ESFJ 3 5 50 ENFJ 11 44 ISFJ 26 ENTJ 1 23 ESTP INTJ 6 20 ESFP 14 ISTP INFJ ENFP ENTP ISFP INTP INFP 74 64 43 101 70 27 399 ESTJ Finance 20% Management 19% ISTJ Accounting 26% Global Bus 20% Management 19% ESFJ Sport Bus Mgmt 19% INFJ ITM 21% Marketing 16%

Personality Type in the Classroom

Personality Type In The Classroom Extraverts love to discuss! 60% of our business students are extraverts Learn best by articulating a concept Discussion increases learning and retention

Personality Type In The Classroom Introverts think before they speak! Learn best by reflecting on concepts Provide time to jot down ideas before discussion Introverts contribute when invited to do so

Personality Type In The Classroom Sensors take it step-by-step! 66% of our business students are sensors High achievers who memorize lists and dig into details Will press for detailed instructions

Personality Type In The Classroom Intuitives see the big picture! Start lectures with an overview, explain the framework Step back often, ask and answer “What’s the big picture?” “Where are we going?”

Personality Type In The Classroom Thinkers: “What’s the plan?” 57% of our business students are T’s Clearly identify course/class objectives Identify when objectives are accomplished Identify logical reasoning for concepts

Personality Type In The Classroom Feelers: “Let’s find common ground” Ask questions about how the people involved are impacted by a decision Have students identify how people can be persuaded to agreement

Personality Type In The Classroom Judgers 76% of our business students are J’s Provide clear instructions and a grading rubric Assignments should require students to identify more alternative actions and evaluate advantages and disadvantages

Personality Type In The Classroom Perceivers Students prefer to postpone assignments until last minute Solution: Break down longer assignments into smaller sections with intermediate due dates

Discussion and questions