Chapter 14: Weathering.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 14: Weathering

Section 1: Weathering Process

Weathering: breaking down of rock @ Earth’s surface Dania Beach, FL

Mechanical Weathering Physically broken into pieces, composition NOT changed Agents of M.W. – ice, plants & animals, gravity, running water, & wind Includes exfoliation – layers peel away, result of decompression

Ice Wedging Water seeps into cracks & freezes, splitting rock further apart Areas – Northern US w/winters Makes potholes in roads

Abrasion processes of scraping away material Gravity, ice, running water, & wind

Plant & Animal Activity Roots of plants- grows into rock and creates wedges Burrowing Animals dig, create holes, Move soil & expose rock

Blue Hole – Florida – dissolved limestone Chemical Weathering Break down as a result of chemical reactions Changes into new substances Composition & appearance change Blue Hole – Florida – dissolved limestone

Oxidation Combines with O2 Common w/iron minerals, red soil, 4Fe + 3O2  2Fe3O3 Surface of Mars

Hydrolysis Leaching Many minerals react w/water Water moves dissolved minerals down away from surface Leaching

Florida limestone  caverns & sinkholes Carbonation CO2 dissolved in air forms carbonic acid, H2CO3 Minerals form carbonates Limestone’s calcite weathers easily Florida limestone  caverns & sinkholes

Organic Acids Formed by lichens & mosses Weak acids breakdown surfaces, seep into cracks

Acid Precipitation Use of fossil fuels makes it more acidic Weathers rock faster Clean Air Act of 1970 reduced emissions

End of Section 1 Review 1. Identify 3 agents of mechanical weathering 2. Describe how ice wedging weathers rock 3. Explain how 2 activities of plants or animals help weather rocks or soil 4. Compare mechanical and chemical weathering processes 5. Identify and describe 3 chemical processes 6. Compare hydrolysis, carbonation, and oxidation 7. Summarize how acid precipitation forms 8. Which 2 agents of weathering would be rare in a desert? Why? 9. An automobile exhaust contains nitrogen oxides. How might these pollutants affect chemical weather processes?