MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Oswald Avery Maclyn McCarty Colin MacLeod

WAIT!

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120076/bio21.swf

A = 30.9% T = 29.4% G = 19.9% C = 19.8%

Rosalind Franklin showed Watson an X-Ray of crystallized DNA Rosalind Franklin showed Watson an X-Ray of crystallized DNA. The famous “Photograph 51” was a clear image of a double helix. At the time, Rosy didn’t know what Watson was researching. He doubled back to Cambridge and used this info to figure out the DNA puzzle. Neither Watson nor Crick thanked her in their 1962 Nobel address. She had died of ovarian cancer in 1958. She was 37 years old.

SCUMBAGS!!!

WATSON CRICK

Each cell of your body contains six feet of DNA Each cell of your body contains six feet of DNA! Our bodies contain about 100 trillion cells - that means we have more than a billion miles of DNA within our bodies! …that's enough to reach to the moon and back 13 times! A simple list of the bases of the entire DNA in your genes—the As, Cs, Ts, and Gs—would fill about 200 New York City phone books. That’s about 3 billion letters. Any two unrelated strangers anywhere on the planet share 99.9 percent of the same DNA. A tiny fraction of the genome—about 3 million of its over 3 billion bases—accounts for the vast differences within the human race.

Human beings have roughly 99 Human beings have roughly 99.1 percent of our genes in common with the chimpanzee, our closest relative on earth. The overlap between mice and humans is surprisingly close, too. We have nearly 75 percent of our genes in common!!! Scientists still don’t know what more than 50 percent of genes do. Also a lot of the DNA in our cells is "junk," that is, scientists don’t know exactly what the long stretches of repetitive DNA (usually long stretches of Gs and Cs) in our cells are for. If two different people started reciting their individual genetic code at a rate of one letter per second, it would take almost eight and a half minutes before they reached a difference.

It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, around 50 years to type the human genome. If all three billion letters in the human genome were stacked one millimeter apart, they would reach a height 7,000 times the height of the Empire State Building. The average human being has a mere 31,000 genes. A variety of amoeba has nearly 200 times as many genes as humans do.

Gangsta Cat... is Always Trippin'!

Comparisons of DNA and RNA Nucleic Acid Sugar Bases Function Looks Like DNA RNA mRNA tRNA rRNA

Original strand stays intact…is used as a template for new DNA. New strands are hybrids of old and new pieces.

DNA REPLICATION!

DNA: Reads __________ Builds __________ STRANDS ARE:

Errors in DNA Replication

A Little More on Mutations

THE FAT CAT SAW THE DOG THE FAT CAT SAW THE HOG

THE FAT CAT SAW THE HOG THF ATC ATS AWT HEH OG THT EFA TCA TSA WTH EHO G

The End-Replication Problem

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

One-gene-one-enzyme theory One-gene-one-polypeptide theory

1.) What is molecule #1? ____________________ 3.) What made you realize what #2 was (and don't say that you just knew)? 4.) What is molecule three? _________________

A.) _____________________________________ B.) _____________________________________ C.) _____________________________________ D.) _____________________________________

E.) _____________________________________ F.) _____________________________________ G.) _____________________________________ A certain DNA code is TTACGATCA. What would be the RNA strand that matches it?

Cutsie Symbol Shape Explanation 1 2 3 4