Handling and Restraint Vet Science Ms. Bly Expectations: STAY FOCUSED Be an active learner Follow directions the first time Complete tasks on time TRY YOUR BEST Do your own work Do quality work When things get hard, don’t give up, ask questions ACT SAFELY Walk in the classroom and hallways Keep your hands and objects to yourself Put things away where they belong RESPECT Do not keep others from learning Use kind words and actions Ask before you borrow  

Behavior Dogs Cats Submissive Playful Dominant Fearful Aggressive versus Dominant Aggressive Approaching a Dog Scared/ Nervous Playful/ Friendly Aggressive Dog Submissive: ask students if they remember how submissive dogs act low tail, face licking, rolling over, averted gaze, crouching, urination Playful: “play bow”, tail up, yapping, whines, wagging tail Dominant: Erect tail, stiff/rigid body, direct eye contact Fearful vs. Dominant: which one is more likely to bite? Fearful dogs are more likely to bite, generally so nervous/scared that they feel the need to bite or be aggressive to get away Steps for approaching a dog: Use dogs name, talk in a smooth, calm voice Back of the hand to sniff. Why? Reach under chin, Not overhead Why?

Types of Restraint Mechanical Physical Standing Restraint Collars and Leashes Muzzles Head Snare (Catch Pole) Cat Bag Halters Squeeze Chute Stanchions Hog Snare Standing Restraint Lateral Recumbency Sternal Recumbency Today we will be covering all of these except for the bottom four of mechanical restraint. That will be next class when we discuss livestock. Do some of these terms seem familiar? Tips for restraint, may want to write these down! Physical restraint is the greatest tool, Why? We can decide how much pressure to apply The more an animal struggles the more pressure we apply, when they relax when can release the pressure Communication If you feel like you need help or can no longer hang on, speak up so someone can assist you Worse case scenario: animal gets loose, someone gets injured, animal gets injured When working with a partner be sure to communicate effectively, tell my story about getting clawed.

Standing Restraint Wrap one arm around the dog’s neck to control head Wrap the other arm under the dog’s abdomen Pull dog close to your body Fairly common form of restraint How would this be different with a larger dog?

Uses for Standing Restraint Physical Exam Subcutaneous Injections Intramuscular Injections Temperature, Pulse, Respiration (TPR) Expressing Anal Glands Demonstrate the restraint technique

Lateral Recumbency Dog Reach over dog Grasp limbs closest to you Gently lower to the table Thumb and forefinger between limbs Tips/ Tricks: Keep legs between thumb and forefinger, in other words, thumb, leg, index finger, leg, middle finger If using this method, it may help to lift the forelimbs off the table slightly to prevent the dog from wanting to stand up Also, you can hold the legs closer to the table, Why these and not the other legs? The legs closer to the table provide the handler more leverage to control the dog

Lateral Recumbency Cat “Cat Stretch” Scruff with one hand Lift enough to grasp hind legs Place thumb and forefinger between limbs Stretch cat using your forearm as a brace

Uses for Lateral Recumbency Femoral Venipuncture (cats) Lateral Saphenous Venipuncture (dogs) Ultrasound Biopsy Various clinical procedures Demonstrate lateral for a dog and cat dog first, include how to hold for lateral saphenous venipuncture Below the knee, above the hock Cat, femoral vein: scoop and apply pressure

Sternal Recumbency Dog One arm around the neck One arm over the back, grasp the forelimbs Use body to push on the dogs back to encourage dog to lie down

Sternal Recumbency Cat Grasp head in one hand Use other hand to grasp the front legs and extend them downward off the edge of the table Use your arm and elbow to restrain the cats body against your body

Uses for Sternal Recumbency Jugular Venipuncture (Cats and Dogs) Cephalic Venipuncture (Dogs) Tubing-Trachea IV Catheter (Cephalic vein for cats and dogs) Demonstrate dog and cat dog first, cephalic first jugular cat, jugular cephalic is a possibility, same as dog

Muzzles Types Purpose: to keep an animal from biting Commercial Basket Gauze Purpose: to keep an animal from biting Proper fit is key! How to apply a gauze muzzle: Adequate length Must be able to wrap around muzzle at least twice, then tie behind the ears Make a large loop, 3X diameter of the dogs muzzle Approach the dog from behind Place the loop around the dogs muzzle, then quickly tighten loop Cross under the chin Then tie behind the ears What type of loop and why? Reefer or quick release Why not square knot? Would have to cut with badge scissors, could be dangerous Time for practice!!! Have groups practice all 10 restraint methods from the packet

Catch Pole (Head Snare) Safety for handler Used to coax an animal Handler should follow the animal, not pull the animal Can also be used for wildlife Nets for cats When using for wildlife, such as raccoons loop the head and one front leg

Cat Bag Types Safety for handler and the animal Nylon Mesh Safety for handler and the animal Many have zippers to expose limbs for procedures

Livestock Bovine Equine Porcine Caprine Ovine Llama/ Alpaca Types of livestock species that can be seen at a clinic Identify each

Halters Purpose Can be used for many species To lead or tie up animals Horses Cattle Goats Sheep Alpaca/ Llama Various types Rope Nylon Show—includes shank with the lead rope

Squeeze Chute Purpose Uses Types To restrain cattle, while maintaining access to head, feet, and rear. Uses Vaccinations Branding Types Hydraulic Manual A cattle crush (in UK, New Zealand, Ireland and Australia), squeeze chute (North America), standing stock, or simply stock (North America, Ireland) is a strongly built stall or cage for holding cattle, horses, or other livestock safely while they are examined, marked, or given veterinary treatment.

Stanchion Purpose To hold a livestock animal Vary depending on type of animal Various types Cattle Horse Sheep Goat Commonly seen on a dairy for cattle, keeps them in the bunk to eat feed and not waste food. Horses—dentistry, or other clinical procedures Sheep– sheering, deworming, etc. Goats– milking, deworming, trimming hooves

Hog Snare Purpose Looped on top jaw To control swine Effective because the pig will lean against the snare keeping it tight. CAUTION!! Always wear ear protection when working with swine. Why? Pigs vocalize at high decibels which are damaging to the ear.

Hobbles Purpose To limit mobility When using hobbles ensure that the legs are square to the body

Humane Twitch Purpose To distract horse from mild procedures by applying pressure to the end of the nose The upper lip is brought through the bowed portion and then the instrument is closed to apply pressure. Only effective for 20-30 minutes!