Beginning of the Cold War The End of World War II Beginning of the Cold War
Nuremberg Trials Axis leaders were tried for “crimes against humanity” The trials showed that political and military leaders could be held accountable for actions in wartime
Occupying Allies The Allies built new governments in Germany and Japan Created democratic constitutions to protects the rights of all citizens In Japan powered was handed over to the people instead of the emperor
The United Nations The United Nations (UN) plays a greater role in world affairs than the League of Nations did Each member gets one vote in the General Assembly The Security Council gives the five most powerful countries in the world the authority to ensure peace France, United Kingdom, China, Russia and the United States These five countries won World War II
The Alliance Breaks Apart After the defeat of the Nazi, mutual distrust led to conflict between the former allies The Cold War was a state of tension and hostility between nations aligned either with the US or the USSR There was no armed conflict between the US and the USSR (i.e. “Cold War”)
The Truman Doctrine Idea of containment Limit communism to the areas already under Soviet control First test of this was Greece and Turkey The US sent aid and advisors to prevent the spread of communism to these countries
The Marshall Plan The US gave food and economic aid to Western European countries to rebuild after the war Aid was also offered to the USSR and Eastern Europe The offered was never accepted
Germany Divided After the war Germany became divided West Germany was a democratic nation with a constitution East Germany was a socialist dictatorship under Stalin’s control
Berlin Airlift Berlin rests in the Eastern part of Germany but remained occupied by all the Allies Stalin tried to force the Allies out of Berlin by sealing off the railroads and highways The Allies airlifted the supplies for more than a year Stalin ended the blockade
Opposing Alliances NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance between the US, Canada and western Europe Pledged to help each other if any one of them was attacked Warsaw Pact Military alliance between the USSR and Eastern Europe