Biostability Material response towards the body Chemical degradation Mechanical property degradation

Biodurability The aim is that the useful duration of the prosthesis exceeds the life expectancy of the patient. IN PRACTICE, THIS RARELY HAPPENS

In practice Design to meet the need for which the organ had to be replaced. This requires a collaboration between the physician (who knows the needs) and the scientist/engineer (who knows materials science and biology).

Knee ligament

Knee ligament Primary objective Improvements To restore appropriate function of the knee joint. Improvements Wear Lack of regeneration The targeted customers

Knee ligament

Cardiac valves

Cardiac valves Primary objective Improvements To regulate blood exit out of the heart. Improvements Compromise between cardiac valve hemocompatibility, its expected duration and patient’s life expectancy.

Cardiovascular system repair

(cellules endothéliales) (cellules musculaires) Artère Veine Intima (cellules endothéliales) Élastine Média (cellules musculaires) Adventice (tissu conjonctif fibreux) Valvules Limitante élastique interne (élastine) externe (élastine)

Endovascular prostheses

Endovascular prostheses

Endovascular prostheses Primary objectives Recovery of the diameter of arteries after stenosis or aneurism Decrease in hospitalization costs Improvements Hemocompatibility Mettallic ion leaching Mechanical property loss

Prosthesis selection depends on pathology

Synthetic arterial prostheses Primary objective To reestablish blood flow in one direction Improvements Hemocompatibility Healing Blood flow through the prothesis wall Biological molecule adsorption

Synthetic arterial prostheses

Structure de l’artère

15µm Biodegradable scaffolds Dacron (PET) >6mm Materials Science and Engineering C, in press Macromolecular Rapid Communication DOI 10.1002/marc.201300609 Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2012; 97: 1520-1526. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.-Appl. Biomater., 2010, 93B, 531-543. Acta Biomaterialia, 2009, 5, 2416-2428.

Cell-Material interaction BAECs on textile (60X) Cell nuclei stained in blue with DAPI Actin filaments stained in red with rhodamin-phalloidin