Good News – Bad News.

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Presentation transcript:

Good News – Bad News

Digestive System – a.k.a. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

Propelling and Mixing by Peristalsis Videos: 3D Animation (silent) Sm. I. (see through) Inside stomach

Additions… Mouth amylase Esophagus Stomach Pepsin HCl Mucus Instrinsic factor Small Intestine (Sm. I.) Bile from liver Enzymes from pancreas Amylases Proteases Lipases Large Intestine (Lg. I.)

Gastric Secretions (4): HCl acid Pepsinogen Mucus Intrinsic factor H. pylori Stomach Ulcer Video: Endoscopy reveals ulcer

Sphincters Def… LES – Lower Esophageal Sphincter Function… Pyloric Sphincter There are others.

Small Intestine Villi

How Long??? Mouth Esophagus Stomach 30 min-4 hrs. Small Intestine (Sm. I.) 3-10 hrs Large Intestine (Lg. I.) 24-72 hrs. Video: Colonoscopy with polypectomy

GERD Kristen Hebert

What is GERD? GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease When acid from the stomach is allowed to travel backwards into the esophagus Due to a weak or malfunctioning Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) This causes irritation and damage to the esophagus

Symptoms Frequent heartburn Often worsens after lying down Bitter taste in the mouth Vomit Breath Sore throat Chest pain Difficulty swallowing Feeling of a lump in your throat Dry cough

What often triggers GERD? Diet Choices: Peppermint, fried or fatty foods, spicy foods, coffee, chocolate and alcohol Cigarette smoking Obesity Pregnancy Lying down immediately after eating Conditions such as Hiatal Hernia and delayed stomach emptying

Why is it a problem? Esophagitis Narrowing of the esophagus (Esophageal stricture) Hoarseness and vocal problems Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath Tooth decay Ulcers in the esophagus Higher chance of esophageal cancer Reduced quality of life

Ulcers Stricture Cancer Tooth Decay

How is it diagnosed? Symptoms Barium Swallow x-ray Endoscopy pH monitoring

If video does not work, click here.

How to manage GERD Medications Maintain a healthy weight Antacids H2 Blockers Proton pump inhibitors Maintain a healthy weight Eat smaller meals and avoid foods that trigger heartburn Elevate the head of your bed Don’t lie down immediately after meals Avoid smoking Extreme cases- surgery to improve lower esophageal sphincter

Works Cited http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/gerd/basics/definition/con-20025201 http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20496029,00.html

Food allergies (“food hypersensitivity”) Definition: abnormal response to food triggered by immune system

2 8 7 5 1 4 6 3 Top 8= 90% of reactions Dairy Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Fish Shell fish Soy Wheat

1/3 people either have a food allergy or modify fam. diet More likely if in family Affects 6-8% of children About 4% adults Can be life threatening →Anaphylactic shock Can be outgrown!!

If you are allergic to: Birch pollen Ragweed pollen Grasses Mugwort pollen You may also have a reaction to: Apples Carrots Celery Hazelnuts Peaches Pears Raw potatoes Bananas Melons (cantaloupe, honeydew and watermelon) Melons (cantaloupe, honeydew and watermelon) Orange Peanut Tomatoes White potato Apples Bell pepper Carrots Celery Garlic Onion Some spices (caraway seeds, parsley, coriander, anise seeds, fennel seeds)

Treatment: -Avoid the food!! -Read your food label/ingredients! *In Emergencies: Epipens*

Sites Used.. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/basics/definition/con-20019293 http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/food-allergy-intolerances http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/epinephrine-injection-route/proper-use/drg-20072429 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/in-depth/food-allergies/art-20045949

Lactose Intolerance Lack of lactase allows lactose to reach large intestine (colon) undigested. Bacteria “feast” on lactose producing acids and gasses  bloating, cramping, gas, diarrhea, etc. If you avoid all dairy your diet is likely to be deficient in calcium and possibly vit. D

Living with Lactose Intolerance 1) Purchase lactose free dairy products. 2) Make it part of a larger meal. 3) Spread out your dairy intake over several meals. 4) Take lactase tablets 30 minutes prior. 5) Use alternate sources to avoid calcium deficiencies.

Alternative sources of calcium Spinach canned salmon sardines with bones calcium-fortified orange juice, raw broccoli canned white tuna calcium-fortified soy milk Dark green leafy vegetables Almonds

Lactose Intolerance vs. Milk Allergy Know the difference

Q&A