Renaissance & Reformation Unit

Key Vocabulary Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church. Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith. 95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation. Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic. Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith. Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.

Warm Up What helped ideas spread so quickly during the Renaissance?

Essential Question EQ: What were the social, political, and economic issues that led to the Protestant Reformation? What were the social, political, and economic issues that changed the structure of Christianity?

The Printing Press Invented by: Johann Gutenberg in 1440 What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press Gutenberg Bible in 1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)

How did the printing press affect European society? Very positively More copies for everyone by 1500 Over 250 cities had printing press People were learning to read because books were so accessible

How could the arrival of the printing press lead to religious reform? More people could read and interpret the bible. They became more critical of the Church and its teachings.

Assessment Prompt 1 Word Splash: Printing Press

Causes of the Reformation Emphasis was placed on the “individual,” which was not good for Church authority. The printing press helped spread secular ideas. Rulers took issue with the Pope trying to control them. Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread.

Problems in the Catholic Church There were many corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war! Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and could not read. Some leaders even broke the vows they took as priests.

So, you can see why people wanted to “reform” Reformers John Wyliffe (England) Desiderius Erasmus Jan Hus (Bohemia) Thomas More Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized Church Reform in the late 1300 & early 1400’s

Other important Reformers Martin Luther Became a Monk in 1505 Taught at the University of Wittenberg (Germany) Began by taking a stand against Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins) Johann preached that buying of indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel October 31, 1517 it was posted for the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)

Three Main Tenets of Luther’s Teachings Wanted full reform of the church Win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities) All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible

Response to Luther 1520 Pope Leo X threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated 1521 Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms

England Becomes Protestant Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. The Pope refused to do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.

The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament” Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church.

Assessment Prompt: Economic Social Political Use all of the information you have learned up to this point!!!

John Calvin Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536 Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must: Attend religion classes Wear no bright clothing Never play with playing cards Excommunication, banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules

Basic Teachings of Calvinism Men and women were sinful by nature Humans can NOT earn salvation Predestination God has known since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)

Calvin’s ideal government Theocracy (Government controlled by Religious leaders) Supporters of Calvin called Huguenots

What is an Indulgence? An indulgence is a payment to the church for a pardon from the penalty imposed by a priest for committed sins. Luther Calvin Problems with Catholic Church Indulgences No concept of predestination Salvation can’t be earned Reforms they supported Denying the pope worldly power Bible has more authority than church Eliminating indulgences Concept of predestination Theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders Results of their protests of the Church Started Protestant Reformation Formed Lutheran Church England no longer Catholic Formed Calvinism Followers called Calvinists and Huguenots in France

Assessment Prompt 3 In your own words, summarize what Calvin’s idea of predestination was.

Journal Answer the EQs: What were the social, political, and economic issues that led to the Protestant Reformation? What were the social, political, and economic issues that changed the structure of Christianity? Consider the following: What were some of the reasons people left the Roman Catholic Church?