Mr. Adams World History Fall 2011 Islamic Impact Mr. Adams World History Fall 2011

SOCIETY Section 1

Society The Family Islam set forth roles within family Man head of family Men could have several wives Husbands supposed to treat all wives equally

Women’s Rights Society According to Qur’an, women equal to men before Allah Women could inherit property, seek divorce in some cases

Society Slavery Qur’an did not condemn slavery, required slaves be treated fairly Freeing slaves praised as religious act

ASTRONOMY Section 2

Astronomy Muslims needed to predict phases of moon to plan religious festivals Perfected astrolabe, used in navigation to plot positions of stars, planets

MATHEMATICS Section 3

Mathematics From India, adopted symbols 0 through 9 Making its way to Europe, this system became known as Arabic numerals Algebra and trigonometry also came from Muslim thinkers

MEDICINE Section 4

Medicine Doctors in Baghdad had to pass rigorous tests in order to practice Baghdad had world’s first school of pharmacy Muslim doctors developed many skills, including eye surgery

GEOGRAPHY Section 5

Geography Fifth Pillar of Islam was a Hajj to Mecca Religious pilgrims needed a way to find their way Travel guides were created

ART Section 6

Art Muslim artists worked in range of materials, wood, metal, ceramics, textiles Religious art does not contain human, animal figures Why Not?

Art Muslims were worried about Idolatry Believed portraying people, animals could tempt worship Worshipping anyone, anything besides Allah the worst possible sin Avoidance of figures led to use of geometric patterns, floral designs

ARABESQUE

How did writing become art? CALLIGRAPHY Another distinctive feature of Islamic art, calligraphy—beautifully styled writing How did writing become art? Artists who produced copies of Qur’an sought perfection in reproduction of word of Allah

Calligraphy

Qur’an Most significant written work in Islam is Qur’an itself Clear style, message have won millions of converts to the faith Influenced later development of Arabic language

ARCHITECTURE Section 7

Architecture in Muslim world also developed distinctive features Muslim Architecture Architecture in Muslim world also developed distinctive features Minarets, tall towers from which faithful called to prayer Domes

Muslim Architecture

Muslim Architecture