Chapter 4 Artists and Their Illustrations Guiding Questions: How do teachers evaluate illustrations in children’s literature? How do artists develop literary elements? What kinds of media are used in children’s literature? This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.1

Evaluating Illustrations The use of visual elements should complement the literary elements and the text (When Sophie Gets Angry- Really, Really Angry…) The design of the illustrations should convey a sense of unity The artistic style should match the author’s literary style The illustrations should be accurate in historical, cultural, and geographical detail Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.2

Artists Use Visual Elements Line Used to suggest direction, motion, energy, and mood Lines can be thin or wide, light or heavy, feathery or jagged, straight or curved. Vertical – Lack movement Horizontal – Calm, sleep, stability, absence of strife Connecting horizontal and two vertical lines – Feeling of solid , safe place Diagonal – Loss of balance, uncontrolled motion Triangle on horizontal base – Safety Jagged lines - Breakdown and destruction – danger Curved lines – Less definite and predictable. Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.3

Artists Use Visual Elements Shape Lines join and intersect to suggest shapes and each carries a different connotation Intersecting lines suggest shapes, and areas of color meet to produce shapes. Organic shapes, irregular and curving, are common in nature and in handmade objects. Geometric shapes have mechanical origins – exact, rigid and often rectangular Organic shapes – convey anything from receptivity and imagination to frightening unpredictability. Geometic shapes – connote complexity, stability, assertion, or severity. Shape can also show mood. Symmetrical shapes – rectangles, squares, circles, ovals – calm and solid Asymmetrical shapes – unbalanced, irregular, and dynamic. Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children’s Literature, 7th Edition. ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Artists Use Visual Elements Color Creates sensuous and emotional appeal Color – Creates mood and emotions. Reds, yellow, and oranges – Warm or hot connotations. Fire, sun, blood.- friendliness, high energy, anger. Blues, greens, some violets – Cool colors – air, water, plant life - suggest moods and emotions from tranquility to melancholy. Eric Carle and The Very Hungry Caterpillar Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children’s Literature, 7th Edition. ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Artists Use Visual Elements Texture Created by line, color, and shape to make the reader want to touch the page Line, color, and shape is used to create textural imagery. When children touch rough bark, smooth skin, sharp thorns, and soft fur, they become able to imagine how something feels without touching it. Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children’s Literature, 7th Edition. ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Perspective Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: An Introduction to Children’s Literature, 7th Edition. ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Organizing the Visual Elements Most formal Text placed opposite illustrations on adjacent pages Formal Text positioned above or beneath illustrations Informal Text shaped with irregular boundaries to fit inside, between, around, and beside illustrations Very informal Text combined in two or more of these arrangements Most informal Absence of text Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.4

Artistic Media used in Children’s Books Lines and washes Watercolors, acrylics, pastels, and oils Woodcuts Collage Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.5

Outstanding Illustrators of Children’s Books Barbara Cooney Tomie dePaola Leo and Diane Dillon Ezra Jack Keats Robert McCloskey Alice and Martin Provensen Maurice Sendak Chris Van Allsburg David Wiesner Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.6

Viewer’s Response Approach Respond Reflection Research Revisit Norton, Through the Eyes of a Child: 8e ©2004, 2007, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN:0137074018 4.7