SOL Review Unit 9 & 10 (SOL 11 – 13) World History I

SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify the provided civilization: Mayan Identify the name of this region: Yucatan Peninsula Describe the general topography of the Mayan region: Mountianous (South) Rainforest (North)

SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify how the Mayan region was politically organized: Independent city-states Who ruled over each city-state? God-King Dynasty Which city represents the Mayan civilization and culture? Chichen Itza

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Mayan economy was based on: trade agriculture Mayans constructed ______________ with temples on top as a location for worship. Were the Mayans polytheistic or monotheistic? Polytheistic pyramids

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify the provided civilization: Aztec The Aztec capital was constructed upon Lake ________. Describe the general topography of the Aztec region: Arid valley Texcoco

SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify how the Aztec region was politically organized: Empire The Aztec Empire was ruled by a(n): Emperor What city represents the Aztec empire? Tenochtitlan

SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Aztec economy was based upon: agriculture tribute The Aztecs adapted to their surroundings and developed an agricultural technique known as ‘floating gardens’ or: chinampas. Sacrifice and religious rituals were performed on what type of structure? Pyramids Were the Aztecs polytheistic or monotheistic? polytheistic

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify the provided civilization: Inca The Incan civilization was located in the ________ Mountains. In which continent was this civilization located? South America Andes

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify how the Incan region was politically organized: Empire The Incas were ruled by a(n): Emperor Descendant of Inti Which city represents the Incan Empire? Machu Picchu

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations What was the Incan economy based upon? high-altitude agriculture Did the Incans follow a monotheistic or polytheistic religion? Polytheistic What was the Incans greatest public works project? Road System

SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations Identify the three most important achievements of the Mayan, Aztec, & Incan civilizations: Calendars Mathematics Writing/Record-Keeping Systems

SOL 11 – Western Hemisphere Civilizations The student will demonstrate knowledge of major civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, including the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan by: a) describing geographic relationships, with emphasis on patterns of development in terms of climate and physical features; b) describing cultural patterns and political and economic structures.

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Who led the ‘Norman Conquest and united most of England under his rule? William the Conqueror Identify the decisive battle of the ‘Norman Conquest’: Battle of Hastings

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Define ‘common law’: unified law based upon and enforced by precedent (judgment and decree of the courts) Which monarch was responsible for this reform? Henry II

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Explain the significance of the Magna Carta: limited the powers of the king Which English monarch signed the Magna Carta? King John Parliament grew in power due to the king’s need for: taxes counsel

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Which two nations were involved in the Hundred Years’ War? England France Which military leader proved to be a unifying force for France? Joan of Arc What was the major impact of the Hundred Years’ War? Defined England and France as nations

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Identify the individual who was the founder of the Capetian Dynasty and established the French capital in Paris: Hugh Capet Explain the contribution of this dynasty to the French nation: expanded control over most of modern day France

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Which pair of Spanish monarchs ended the Reconquista, initiated the Spanish Inquisition, expelled the Jews and Moors, and unified Spain? Ferdinand and Isabella Identify the Spanish monarch that expanded the Spanish Empire into the Western Hemisphere: Charles V

SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period Which Russian leader overthrew Mongol rule and expanded the Russian nation? Ivan the Great What title was assumed by the successors of Ivan the Great? Tsar (czar) Ivan the Great centralized power within the city of _________________. Identify the religion which influence unification of the Russian state: Eastern Orthodox Moscow

SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period The goal of the Crusades was to liberate the city of ___________________. Identify the Pope who’s speech called for the ‘Holy War’: Pope Urban II What political territories were established in the Holy Land and Asia Minor after the 1st Crusade? Crusader States Which Muslim leader recaptured the city of Jerusalem? Saladin Explain what happened during the 4th Crusade: Constantinople was sacked by the crusaders Jerusalem

SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period Identify whether the following groups/individuals were strengthened or weakened by crusades: Nobles Monarchs Pope Identify the economic effects of the Crusades: Stimulated trade between Middle East and Mediterranean True/False: The Crusades left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims. True Which empire was weakened by the Crusades? Byzantine Empire weakened strengthened weakened

SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period What civilization destroyed cities and countryside as they invaded Russia, China, Central and Southwestern Asia? Mongols Identify the founder of the Mongolian Empire: Genghis Khan Who conquered and turned Constantinople into their capital in 1453 CE? Ottoman Turks

SOL 12c – Late Medieval Period What other name is the ‘Black Death’ known by? Bubonic Plague Identify the impact of the Black Death: Decline in population Scarcity of labor Towns freed from feudal obligations Decline of church influence Disruption of trade

SOL 12d – Late Medieval Period What group was among the very few who could read or write during the Middle Ages? Clergy (church scholars) Where would the scholastic clergy work? Monasteries Church scholars translated Greek and Arabic works into ____________. The ability for church scholars to make new knowledge available in philosophy, medicine and science laid the foundations for ___________. Latin universities

SOL 12 – Late Medieval Period The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by a) describing the emergence of nation-states (England, France, Spain, and Russia) and distinctive political developments in each. b) explaining conflicts among Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the fall of Constantinople. c) identifying patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death (Bubonic plague). d) explaining the preservation and transfer to Western Europe of Greek, Roman, and Arabic philosophy, medicine, and science.

SOL 13a – Early Renaissance What event increased the European demand for Middle Eastern goods and stimulated the production of European goods for Middle Eastern markets? Crusades The increase in trade brought Europe into frequent contact with which two civilizations? Byzantine Empire Muslim Empire Identify the economic techniques introduced to Europe through contact with the Muslim Empire: Letters of Credit expanded the supply of money expedited trade Banking Bookkeeping practices Arabic numerals

SOL 13a – Early Renaissance Define ‘usury’: charging interest on loans What institution had a rule against usury? Church What effect did this rule have on Northern Italy? secularizing effect

SOL 13b – Early Renaissance Identify the important cities of the Italian Renaissance: Florence Milan Genoa Venice How did these cities benefit from their geographic location? access to trade routes connecting Europe to the Middle East Explain how these cities were politically organized: independent city-states governed as republics

SOL 13b – Early Renaissance Who is the author of The Prince? Niccolo Machiavelli What is the basic premise of this book? early modern treatise on government, advocating a strong monarchy Identify the basic principles of the book: supports absolute power of the ruler maintains the end justifies the means one should be good if possible, but do evil when necessary

SOL 13c – Early Renaissance Compare and contrast Medieval and Renaissance art: Medieval Art: focus on Church and salvation Renaissance Art: Focus on individuals and worldly matters along with Christianity

SOL 13c – Early Renaissance Identify the artists responsible for the following works: Leonardo Michelangelo Michelangelo Leonardo

SOL 13c – Early Renaissance Define ‘humanism’: celebrated the individual focused on human values & concerns stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman art/literature/culture Who wrote sonnets, scholarly prose, and is considered the ‘Father of Humanism’? Petrarch Humanist artists and scholars were financially supported by _______________. Patrons

SOL 13d – Early Renaissance What aspects increased and aided the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe? Trade Travel Literacy Wealth How were the ideas of the Northern Renaissance different than the Italian Renaissance? stronger focus on Christianity

SOL 13d – Early Renaissance Who invented the moveable type printing press? Johann Gutenberg Identify the first publication of this invention: Holy Bible Gutenberg Bible Why was this invention important to the Renaissance? facilitated the dissemination of ideas increased production and sale of books

SOL 13d – Early Renaissance Identify the authors of the following works: The Praise of Folly (1511 CE): Erasmus Utopia (1516 CE): Sir Thomas More

SOL 13 – Early Renaissance The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) identifying the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance. b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city- states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince. c) citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch. d) comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers.