American Red Cross First Aid

Standard 16 Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Emergency Medicine, incorporating rubrics from the American Heart Association or American Red Cross for the following: a. Basic First Aid care of bleeding and wounds b. Basic First Aid care for burns c. Basic First aid for bone and joint injuries

Introduction – Before Giving Care Lesson One Introduction – Before Giving Care

Using Senses to Recognize Emergencies Unusual sights Blood Smoke or fire Broken items People milling around

Unusual Appearances or Behaviors One who is noticeably uncomfortable One who is clutches his / her chest or throat One who is unconscious One who appears to be confused or drowsy for unknown reasons One who has trouble breathing

Unusual Odors Unusual odors of the person’s breath Gasoline Natural gas Smoke An unrecognizable smell

Unusual Noises Screaming Sudden silence for infants or children An explosion Items falling Tires screeching Metal Crashing Changes in machinery sounds (e.g., pitch, tone) Breaking Glass

Good Samaritan Laws Enacted to protect people who voluntarily give emergency care, without accepting anything in return. Laws protect you as long as you – Act in good faith Are not negligent Act within the scope of your training

Obtaining Consent You MUST obtain permission to help If one refuses care, call 911 If unconscious, confused or seriously ill & not able to grant consent, the consent is implied.

Obtaining Consent If a minor, get consent from parent or guardian ASAP Implied consent for a child means the parent or guardian would agree for care to be given

Emergency Action Steps Key Points: Follow the emergency action steps: CHECK CALL CARE Check the scene for safety Check the person for life-threatening conditions Call 911 Care for the ill or injured person

If alone, call first or care first Cardiac emergencies Unconscious adult Witnessed sudden collapse of infant or child Unconscious infant or child with known heart problems Care first: Breathing emergencies 2 minutes of care then call 911 Unwitnessed collapse of someone under 12 yrs of age Any victim of drowning CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

Checking an Ill or Injured Person

Life Threatening Injuries/Illness Unconsciousness Not breathing or having trouble breathing Choking Persistent chest pain No signs of life (normal breathing or movement) Severe bleeding Shock Seizures (that recur, last more than 5 min.)

Checking a Conscious Adult Key Points Adult: over 12 years of age After checking the scene for safety, check the adult Obtain consent to give care Head to toe examination Care based on conditions found Take steps to minimize shock CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- ADULT CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- CHILD

Signs of Shock Restlessness or irritability Altered level of consciousness Nausea or Vomiting Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin Rapid breathing and pulse Excessive thirst CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

Care of Shock Call 911 Have the person lie down Control any external bleeding Elevate the person’s legs 12 inches (unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries) Cover with 1 blanket DO NOT give anything to eat or drink Reassure the person Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation

Checking an Unconscious Adult Check the scene for safety Check the person for life-threatening conditions Remember the ABC’s Airway Breathing Circulation CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

Airway Breathing Circulation Open airway Look, listen, feel Two breaths Circulation Check for pulse Carotid pulse (neck) adult Brachial pulse (mid-arm) infant

ASTHMA

Asthma Triggers Dust,smoke, air pollution Fear / anxiety Exercise Allergies Colds Infections

Signals of Asthma CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO Coughing / wheezing Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath Sweating Tightness in the chest Inability to talk without stopping for breath Feeling of fear or confusion CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

Care of person with asthma Remain calm Reassure victim Assist with use of inhaler Call 911 if appropriate

ANAPHYLAXIS

Anaphylaxis Triggers Foods Latex Medications Insect Bites/Stings

Signals of Anaphylaxis Red Rash (hives, welts, itchy) Swollen throat/ areas of the body Wheezing Chest Tightness Trouble Breathing/Swallowing Vomiting Diarrhea Stomach Cramping CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

STROKE

Hemorrhagic Stroke Less Common (15%) More Deadly (40%) Blood spills into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure, damaging cells and tissue in the brain Two types: Intracerebral- blood vessel bursts and leaks into the brain Subarachnoid- bleeding in the area between the brain and the tissue covering the brain, known as the subarachnoid space (aneurysm)

Ischemic Stroke Most common (87%) Blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot Blood can no longer reach the brain High blood pressure most common risk factor Two types: Embolic-a blood clot or plaque fragment forms somewhere in the body (usually the heart) and travels to the brain Thrombotic-a blood clot that forms inside one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain

CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- FAST FAST Check for Stroke CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- FAST