Electronics: Technologies, Definitions and Introductory Concepts Learning in Electronic Circuits Electronics: Technologies, Definitions and Introductory Concepts © 2013 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (EPSEVG) José Antonio Soria Pérez - Associate Professor at (UPC – EPSEVG Campus). C/ V. Balaguer, 1. Vilanova i la G. (Barcelona - Spain). Telf: +34 93 896 77 27 Fax: +34 93 896 77 00 Office hours: VG3-D101 – EEL MON 10-14h, TUE: 10-14h (Yellow zone) E-mail: jose.antonio.soria@eel.upc.edu, jasoria@eel.upc.edu

In this lesson, you will... ... be introduced to the main concepts of electronics Basic definitions, technologies and introductory concepts about electronic circuits. The different categories of electronic components

What are “electronic circuits” ? They are boards with assembled electronic components Printed Circuit Board prototyping (PCB’s) Experimentation (Breadboard prototyping) Components develop electronic functions … that is mathematical operations applied to electricity Electronics is present in everyday life Industrial Domestic Multimeter Car computer PCI graphic board Signal operation Train Automotive Robotics Solar Energy Motor control Energy transformation Audio Mobile Air conditioning Computing Microwave

A resistor is an example Component technology Electronic functions are carried out by components Components can be... ...‘thru-hole’ (TH) or ‘Surface Mount’ Devices (SMD/SMT). ... linear or non-linear function devices Thru-Hole SMT Resistors PCB i v + i v + R A resistor is an example of a linear device A diode is an example of a non-linear device

digital integrated circuits Component technology Electronic functions are carried out by components Components can be... ...‘thru-hole’ (TH) or surface mount devices (SMD/SMT). ... linear or non-linear devices. ... passive or active devices. ... discrete or integrated devices. ... analog or/and digital devices. External energy source required Active (semicondusctors) Passive Integrated → Several functions included Analog Discrete → Elementary device Passive Device Active Device An operational amplifier is an example of an analog integrated circuit Logic gates are examples of digital integrated circuits Analog → Digital Performance do not rely on power sources (No amplification of input power at the output) Digital (Classic TTL levels) → Performance do rely on external power sources (Amplification of input power at the output) Integration → The goal is to increase functionality and reliability (at the expense of reducing consumption power)

Electronics. Fields of application I/O A/D Peripherals Bus (n) I/O A/D Computer (Controller) I/O A/D Communication channel Transceivers COM The goal of electronics: To control physical processes Interfaces/ Drivers I/O* D/A Actuators Signal Conditioning Physical world Sensors/ Transducers

Electronic components: Overview General vs. Specific purpose General purpose devices are not application intended (Their purpose is «generic») Specific devices are application intended (They have an «specific goal») Example: A resistor opposes to current flow Example: The thermistor (NTC) is a resistor whose value depends on temperarture It is necessary to develop (almost) any control operation... It is, therefore, a general purpose device It is designed for sensing temperature. Althogh its operation principle is based on the resistor, it has an specific goal.

Electronic components: Overview …on the component typology Almost all elementary components develop generic functions …with few exceptions (i.e: the NTC) Almost all integrated components develop specific functions …but some of them have become generic with the time Other categories: Mechanical accessories are necessary in circuit assembly Digital integrated circuits are considered a special case Example: The integrated operational amplifier is used for signal conditioning General purpose operational amplifier Connectors and switches Circuit boards Specific purpose operational amplifier Component functionality can be programmed !!! These include passive components, discrete semiconductors (and general purpose IC’s)

Digital devices Non-programming: Programming Obsolet !!! Combinational logic: the outputs depend exclusively on the digital inputs (logic gates, decoders, multiplexers, etc…) Sequential logic: the outputs additionally depend on values in previous operating time (Flip flops, RAM, ROM, E2PROM, etc…) Programming Custom design: PALs, GALs, PLAs, PLDs. Controllers (MCUs) FPGAs, DSP’s and ‘multiple core’ systems Programable Logic Computers (PLC’s) Memory RAM HW Multiplier Timers Oscillator WDT E2P Radio Transceivers UHF ASK/FSK Capture Mod. Comparators PWM Com An. +Vref USB port AD Conv. LCD Control SPI/I2C/TCP-IP Ports RS232 CAN 2.0B QEI DMA Example: logic gates Example: the RS latch SN7400 SN74LS279 Obsolet !!! High data processing resources (Signal processing and Image Patten recognition applications) Plant workstation computers (for industrial usage) Custom design of logic/sequantial circuits Industrial control tasks