Path to Independence & Republicanism APUSH Unit 3 1763-1789

British Imperial Control 2.3-II British Imperial Control King William’s War, 1689-1697 Wool Act, 1699 Queen Anne’s War, 1702-1713 Molasses Act, 1733 King George’s War, 1739-1748 Salutary Neglect

French & Indian War, 1754-1763 a.k.a. Seven Years’ War Albany Plan for Union, 1754 Gen. Edward Braddock William Pitt Treaty of Paris (1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Scots-Irish Paxton Boys North America Before 1754 North America After 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Scots-Irish Paxton Boys Regulator Movement

New Colonial Pressures 3.1-II A-B New Colonial Pressures Real (& perceived) colonial constraints Economic activities & political rights British debt  efforts to consolidate control Colonial independence movement Colonial elites Grassroots movements Laborers, artisans & women Rights of British subjects Rights of the individual Enlightenment ideas

End of "salutary neglect" French & Indian War (1754-1763) Proclamation of 1763 Resentment & failure to comply Sugar Act (1764) Boston experimented with boycotts Currency Act (1764) Smoldering resentment The Stamp Act of 1765 Direct tax Indirect tax

Protesting the Stamp Act Patrick Henry “No taxation w/o representation” Legislation, “external taxes” Taxation, “internal taxes” Grenville’s response “virtual representation”

Protesting the Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress: petitions Sons of Liberty: boycotts & violence Samuel Adams (MA) Nonimportation agreements (boycotts) Stamp Act repealed (1766) Declaratory Act

2nd Phase of the Crisis, 1767-1770 Townshend Acts (1767) indirect customs duty ("external tax") John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania Massachusetts Circular Letter (2/1768) Sam Adams & James Otis nonimportation agreements (MA, NY, PA, SC) Townshend Acts repealed Boston Massacre Crispus Attucks

Renewal of the Conflict 3.1-II A-B Renewal of the Conflict Committees of Correspondence Samuel Adams Tea Act (1773) British East India Company Boston Tea Party, 12/16/1773

Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts (1774) Quebec Act (1774) 3.1-II A-B Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts (1774) Boston Port Act Massachusetts Government Act Justice Act Quartering Act Quebec Act (1774) Colonial reaction First Continental Congress

Moving Toward War First Continental Congress (1774) 3.1-II A-B Moving Toward War First Continental Congress (1774) Actions of the Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances Continental Association Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775 - Paul Revere “The Shot Heard Around the World”

2nd Continental Congress – 5/1775 3.2-IIA/B 2nd Continental Congress – 5/1775 George Washington Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of Taking Up Arms Olive Branch Petition (7/1775) Prohibitory Act (8/1775) Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Declaration of Independence Richard Henry Lee’s Resolution Thomas Jefferson B. Franklin, J. Adams

The War for Independence 3.1-IIC The War for Independence Initial Losses & Hardship Lexington / Concord (4/1775) Bunker Hill … Long Island … Trenton (1775-1776) Winning the War British Northern Strategy, 1777 Battle of Saratoga (10/1777) Franco-American Alliance (1778) British Southern Strategy Battle of Yorktown (10/1781) Treaty of Paris (1783)

Establishing New Governments 3.2-IC Establishing New Governments Belief in Enlightenment ideals & Republicanism Fear of centralized power Fear of excessive popular influence State Constitutions Why WRITTEN State Constitutions? First Wave (10 by end of 1776) Pennsylvania Massachusetts (1780)

Establishing New Governments 3.2-IC Establishing New Governments Articles of Confederation Continental Congress (1777, 1781) Political Structure & Powers Conduct foreign affairs Can borrow money Western Lands Can’t tax or regulate commerce No executive branch Intentionally weak (WHY?)

Problems with the Articles 3.2-IIA Problems with the Articles Foreign Relations Britain: Western Lands Spain: Mississippi River France: Debt Trade / Finances – Depression of 1784 Disputes between States Newburgh Conspiracy (1783) Annapolis Convention (1786) Hamilton & Madison Shays’s Rebellion (1786-1787)

Constitutional Convention 3.2-IIB/C Constitutional Convention Delegates Many “1776 revolutionaries” not present George Washington James Madison “Father of the Constitution” Revise or Restart? Series of Compromises

Constitutional Convention 3.2-IIB/C Constitutional Convention Limited Government Federalism Separation of Powers and Checks & Balances Legislative Branch – Congress Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan Great Compromise Executive Branch – President Powers Election – Electoral College Judicial Branch – The Supreme Court

Constitutional Convention 3.2-IIB/C Constitutional Convention Popular Sovereignty Republicanism Individual Rights Ratification Federalists vs. Anti-federalists The Federalist Papers Hamilton, Madison & Jay Early ratifiers VA & NY Bill of Rights NC & RI

Impact of the Revolutionary Era 3.3-I / 3.3-IIA Impact of the Revolutionary Era New Western Settlements Native Americans Backcountry cultures Scots-Irish Social Tensions Shays’s Rebellion Frontier vs. Tidewater VA Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Articles of Confederation Public Education & Private Property Restriction of slavery

Questions of the Revolutionary Era 3.2-IIIA/B Questions of the Revolutionary Era Values: Self-government & personal liberty Awareness of social inequality Calls for greater political democracy Abigail Adams Calls for abolition Northwest Ordinance & slavery Slavery in the Constitution: postponing the problem 3/5 Compromise Slave Trade Clause (1808) Fugitive Slave Clause

The Power Line-Up British Strengths American Strengths Population 3.1-IIC The Power Line-Up British Strengths Population Monetary Advantage Loyalists Slaves & Native Americans Professional Army American Strengths Familiarity with the Land Resilient military & political leadership Moral advantage Ideological commitment European Allies France