Who were the First Americans? 500 Nations Introduction and Creation Stories
File: The Americas
Americas Geography - Varies North America Pacific Coast (West) Rocky Mtns (West) Great Plains (Mid/Flat) Thick Forests/ (East) Coastal Plains
Americas Geography - Varies South America Deserts Rain Forests Mountains Grasslands
Americas Geography - varies Different environments shape different cultures
Who were the First Americans? First Americans had culture. Culture: Way of life homes, clothing, religion, gov’t, arts, economy Archaeologists study artifacts and find clues about culture Artifact: object made by a human gives clues to the past.
Who were the First Americans? Ice Age (Not just a movie) 1/3 of earth covered under glaciers Glacier = thick sheets of ice As glaciers froze, sea levels fell exposing a land bridge between Asia and North America (Alaska) appeared.
Who were the First Americans? People (hunters) crossed the land bridge to North America hunting wooly mammoths.
Who were the First Americans? When global temperatures rose, glaciers melted and covered the bridge. people were stuck in North America and adapted to the new land after thousands of years, descendants (family members) had spread to No. and So. America
Americas Early People Review Came across a land bridge from Asia to North America Melting ice (glaciers) covered the land bridge
People of North America Organized into tribes All adapted to their environment!!
Group Time Fill out the chart for the Native American group I assign you. Use pages 36-45 in textbook to help you. Also use the sheets at the tables Focus is: How will these tribes adapt to their environments?
Adapting to Environment Native Americans FOOD CLOTHING SHELTER Northwest Hunted deer and bear; caught fist Made from animal skins Wooden homes; made totem poles
Adapting to Environment Native Americans FOOD Clothing Shelter Arctic Eastern Woodlands Great Plains Southwest
Who were the People of North America? Arctic - Far north of North America (Alaska and Canada) Inuit –Eskimos- (People of the Arctic) Geography: frozen seas, icy, treeless - Adapted Culture to harsh environment - food: fished, hunted seal, walrus, whale used whale bones to make fish hooks and spears
Who are the People of North America? - clothing: – seal furs and skins, bear -shelter: lived in igloos – house of snow and ice, stone houses, earth houses - warmth – lamps filled with seal oil - built kayaks – small skin boats to spear seals, whales, walrus
Who were the First Americans? Inuit (Eskimo) Village
Who were the First Americans? Building an igloo
Who were the First Americans? Inside the igloo of the Inuit
Start at 3:30
Who were the People of North America? Northeast Natives – Maine to Maryland (including New York) Eastern Woodlands (Iroquois of NY) Geography: Atlantic Ocean, fertile soil, hills, lakes, streams adapted culture to/from their environment
Who were the People of North America? food: hunted deer, fished, gathered nuts and berries; farmed three sisters corn, beans, squash clothing: animal skins (deer, fox) shelter: long houses: long wooden houses covered in bark *families lived together in house
Sachems: council of chiefs settle disputes among 5 tribes Women: had influence – owned property Could select sachems
Who were the First Americans? Iroquois Longhouse
Wampanoag Longhouse and Canoe
Who are the People of North America? Iroquois government a) League of the Iroquois – group of 5 Iroquois Nations who agreed not to fight one another i) Mohawk ii) Onondaga iii) Oneida iv) Seneca v) Cayuga (MOOS and a C)
Who are the People of North America? By joining together they ended war between each other and became united against their enemies At meetings they discussed problems, voted on solutions Women had political power Chose the clan (group of families) leaders – shaman – head leader
Women Chose the Political Leaders
Start at 5:50
Who are the People of North America? Great Plains – Between Rocky Mtns and Mississippi River – ex: North and South Dakota, Kansas Geography: Grasslands, few trees Adapted culture from environment Food: Buffalo meat (dried = jerky) Clothing: Buffalo skin (leather) – fur coats, blankets
Who are the People of North America? Geography of the Great Plains – few trees
Who are the People of North America? Sioux (Lakota) Plains Indians Tepees
Who are the People of North America? Shelter: Buffalo tepees cone- shaped tents made from buffalo skins – easy to move while traveling buffalo chips -burn for keeping warm Nomadic – moved from place to place following buffalo a) rode horses to travel far Tribe Names: Lakota (Sioux); Blackfoot
Who were the First Americans? Plains Indians Tepees
Who are People of North America? Southwest – Arizona, New Mexico Geography: Dry, desert region, hot, little rain or farmland Adapted culture to/from environment Food: Irrigation (water) ditches from rivers for farming: three sisters three sisters: corn, beans, squash Clothing: weaved cotton
Who were the Southwest Native Americans? Southwest Native American (Navajo, Hopi) Geography
Who are People of North America? Shelter: Pueblo (village) homes made from adobe: sun-dried clay bricks (apartments) hogan: round building from wood/earth/mud cliff dwellers: carved homes in cliffs kiva:underground chamber for ceremonies d) Tribes: Anasazi, Hopi, Navajo
Who were the First Americans? Anasazi Cliff Dwellers
Who are the People of North America? Southeast – Southern US and along Atlantic Ocean – Alabama, Florida Geography: Fertile (good for farming) soil, forests, plentiful rain Adapted culture from environment Food: farming corn, hunting deer, fishing Clothing: Hides (skins) from animals – deer, fox
Who are the People of North America? Shelter: used young trees to build homes called wigwams Leaves and grasses used Tribe Names: Cherokee
Who are the People of North America? Southeastern Native Americans (Cherokee) Geography
Who were the First Americans? Southeast Native American Wigwam
Who are the People of North America? Northwest Coast – Western Canada, Washington State and Oregon Geography: Along Pacific Ocean, tall forests adapted culture from environment had plenty of food – fish - salmon, deer, moose clothing – deer skins, bear furs
Who are the People of North America? shelter – wooden plank houses potlatch – ceremonial dinner to share wealth – totem poles of bear, ravens, beaver, whale Totems tell a story about an important event or person Tribe Name: Nez Perce
Who were the First Americans? Northwest Native American Plank house
How did the Native American tribes adapt to their environment and allow their culture to grow? Highlight the topic sentence Circle in a different color any vocabulary (Do Now) words Double underline the definition of the vocabulary words with the same color Underline the examples of culture Put a box around the summary sentence