Significance: UN and the Origins of the Cold War WWII Origins Significance: UN and the Origins of the Cold War

Do Now How do you respond when your greatest effort has failed? How do you respond when your greatest effort was successful? Cite Examples

Creation of Israel Britain’s WWI mandate set to expire places the outcome on the UN. See WWI (last class) UN General Assembly Resolution 181 Israel Created Jewish Nationalism Israel attacked Arab Nationalism

Section from UN Resolution The Mandate for Palestine shall terminate as soon as possible but in any case not later than 1 August 1948. 2. The armed forces of the mandatory Power shall be progressively withdrawn from Palestine, the withdrawal to be completed as soon as possible but in any case not later than 1 August 1948. 3. Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, set forth in part III of this plan, shall come into existence in Palestine two months after the evacuation of the armed forces of the mandatory Power has been completed but in any case not later than 1 October 1948. The boundaries of the Arab State, the Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem shall be as described in parts II and III below.

How should the Arabs try to achieve their goal. What is acceptable How should the Arabs try to achieve their goal? What is acceptable? What is not acceptable? Ask the world powers Just declare your independence Fight through military armed conflict Go to the UN 5. Terrorism 6. Do nothing

Articles Maps and Timelines Jewish Library Arab Israeli War Office of Historian 6 Day War Maps Al Jazeera UN Resolution 242 Each student will have 1 minute to present their source to their group Task 2=Answer the questions (next slide). Make sure you know your assigned reading

Reading Questions What should Israel do after the invasion of Arab states? Why? What yearly themes does this support? What should Arabs do after the defeat? Why? What yearly themes does this support? What should the UN do? What should the US do?

Clip Youtube or Documentary https://www. youtube. com/watch

1970s Palestinian nationalism increases as terrorist groups emerge 1914-1918 WWI Balfour Declaration Hussein Letters Sikes Picot Agreement Ottoman Empire Ends October 1945 UN created June 9, 1967 to June 10, 1967 6 Day War Israel Attacked May 14, 1948 1970s Palestinian nationalism increases as terrorist groups emerge May 14, 1948 Israel Created March 10, 1949 War Ends Israel gains more land 8 May 1945 WWII Ends

Resolution 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967 The Security Council, Expressing its continuing concern with the grave situation in the Middle East, Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security, Emphasizing further that all Member States in their acceptance of the Charter of the United Nations have undertaken a commitment to act in accordance with Article 2 of the Charter, 1. Affirms that the fulfilment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles: (i) Withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict; (ii) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force; 2. Affirms further the necessity (a) For guaranteeing freedom of navigation through international waterways in the area; (b) For achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem; (c) For guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political independence of every State in the area, through measures including the establishment of demilitarized zones; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to designate a Special Representative to proceed to the Middle East to establish and maintain contacts with the States concerned in order to promote agreement and assist efforts to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the progress of the efforts of the Special Representative as soon as possible.

Closure and Clips https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLlo1VQxgDk Link these events to any slide on the guide sheet What are the possible outcomes of these events? Connect to yearly themes Cycle of hate, slap back, ideology, Arab nationalism

Fatah Country of Origin: Kuwait 1956 (takes over PLO in 1967) Issue/Goal: Liberation of Palestine by Palestinians. Founded by Yaser Arafat and two members of the Muslim Brotherhood. A political organization to achieve liberation. Also associated with the PLA or the Palestinian Liberation Army. Acts used to Achieve Goal: Numerous attacks on Israel in late 1960s which prompted Jordan to crack down on the group (see Black September). 1978 Coastal Road Massacre

PLO Palestinian Liberation Movement Country of Origin: Egypt Issue/Goal: 1964, Arab states such as Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq, were interested in channeling Palestinian nationalism in such a way that Palestinian refugees on their soil would not destabilize their regimes but would instead create their own nation where Israel is located. Get their agenda? Do the Palestinians have a home? Go back to the Balfour Declaration and the Hussein McMahon Letters. Acts used to Achieve Goal: “Multiple suicide bombings”

Palestinian Islamic Jihad Country of Origin: Gaza Issue/Goal: Destruction of Israel-Notice the land. Acts used to Achieve Goal: 1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 attack (16 Dead) 1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 attack

Black September Country of Origin: Jordan Issue/Goal: In 1970’s Jordan’s government was experiencing a potential overthrow by Palestinians led by the PLO. When the Jordanian government won, many Palestinians believed to be working against the government were kicked out of Jordan Acts used to Achieve Goal: Munich Olympics in September 1972 and Dawson’s Field Hijacking

Hamas Country of Origin: West Bank and Gaza Strip 1987 Issue/Goal: Begins with the First Intifada Uprising as a Palestinian version of the Muslim Brotherhood due to numerous social and educational programs funded by the Muslim Brotherhood. Some goals include an Islamic state in Palestine replacing the Jews. Acts used to Achieve Goal: Intifada Uprisings and numerous attacks such as the 2001 Sbarro Bombing killing 15 Note: During the six-year intifada, Israel was blamed for killing 1,100 Palestinians and 120,000 arrests

Hezbollah (Shia Muslims) Country of Origin: Lebanon 1980s Issue/Goal: Kick Israel out of South Lebanon after a civil war between the Christian led government, Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslims fought for power after numerous Palestinians started to arrive to Lebanon after 1970 expulsion from numerous countries. Heavily influenced by Iran after Khomeini’s Revolution in 1979. Acts used to Achieve Goal: Too many to list but…