Chapter 13 Section 4 Notes The Harlem Renaissance

African – Americans in the 1920s Culture and Ideas Begin to Spread. WHY? = Great Migration movement of A-A’s from the South to the North between 1910 & 1920 due to WWI and jobs in factories by 1920, 40% of A-A’s lived in cities 25 race riots at the end of the war

Getting Organized NAACP UNIA founded in 1909 W.E.B. Dubois & James Weldon Johnson led protests against violence fought for Civil Rights # of lynchings decreased Couldn’t get laws passed UNIA Universal Negro Imp. Assoc. founded in 1914 Marcus Garvey Believed A-A’s should build a separate society and move back to Africa Be Proud of Culture Promoted using black businesses when possible

Harlem Renaissance movement of A-A art, music, and literature in the 1920’s Mostly educated, middle to upper class Exposed Northern White America to Black Culture

Art Depicted scenes of everyday life Vivid Colors “Be Proud of Your Race and Accomplishments” To the left: “Building More Stately Mansions” by Aaron Douglas Above: “Street Life in Harlem” by William Henry Johnson

Literature Writers talked about slavery, racism, and injustice Made A-A’s seem “human” in white readers eyes Advanced cause for equality Magazines and Newspapers NAACP (The Crisis) UNIA (Negro World)

Langston Hughes Probably most famous A-A writer of this era Poet (“Raisin in the Sun”) What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

Music Jazz Founded in New Orleans in early 1900’s Spread to Chicago and NY after WWI Popular in Speakeasies and Clubs More upbeat than other music before that white audiences liked its “danceability”

Jazz Musicians of the 1920s Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Trumpet player and singer Most influential jazz musician ever Jeepers Creepers What a Wonderful World Duke Ellington Piano and composer Mood Indigo Cab Calloway Popularized scat Bessie Smith Highest paid female vocalist

Harlem Renaissance Legacy Didn’t magically make things more equal for A-A’s right away helped speed the process up some though White society began to identify