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Preface The aim of this atlas is to help the medical students in the reading of blood film for common hematological disorders; and to help them in the understanding of various tools used in the microbiological diagnosis. (cont.) 3

Contents 4

Blood film : Normal red cells 5

Blood film : Normal platelets 6

Blood film : Normal neutrophil 7

Blood film : Normal lymphocyte 8

Blood film : Reticulocyte 9

Nucleated red cells {bone marrow irritation} 10

Microcytes {IDA, Thalassemia, lead poisoning} 11

Macrocytes {megaloblastic anemia, MDS} 12

Macrocytes with hypersegmented neutrophil (more than 5 segments) {megaloblastic anemia} 13

Anisocytosis (variable sizes) {non specific caused by many types of anemia} 14

Poikilocytosis (variable shapes) {non specific caused by many types of anemia} 15

Sickle cells {sickle cell anemia} 16

Target cells {hemoglobinpathies, liver disease} 17

Spherocytes {hereditary spherocytosis and AIHA} 18

Elliptocytes (oval shape RBC) {hereditary elliptocytosis} 19

Stomatocytes {hereditary stomatocytosis, alcoholism} 20

Echinocytes (burr cells) {CRF, in vitro artifact} 21

Acanthocytes (spur cells) {liver disease, a B- lipoproteinemia} 22

Schistocytes (Fragmented cells) {traumatic hemolytic anemia: DIC, TTP, prosthetic valve} 23

Bite cells (blister cells) {G6PD deficiency anemia} 24

Teardrop cells {myelofibrosis} 25

Agglutinated red cells {cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia} 26

Rouleaux formation {multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia} 27

Basophilic stippling {hemolysis, lead poisoning} 28

Heinz bodies (Hb polymers) {hemoglobinpathies, G6PD deficiency} 29

Howell Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants) {post- splenoectomy} 30

Lymphoblasts {ALL} 31

Myeloblasts {AML} 32

Auer rod {AML} 33

Leukocytosis with relative lymphocytosis {CLL} 34

Leukocytosis ranging from myeloblasts to mature neutrophils {CML} 35

Abnormal lymphocyte {hairy cell leukemia} 36

Atypical lymphocyte {viral infections, toxoplasmosis, lymphoma} 37

Increase platelets count {Essential thrombocythemia} 38

Bone marrow: Ring sideroblast {MDS: refractory anemia with ring sideroblast} 39

Bone marrow: Predominance of plasma cells {multiple myeloma} 40

Lymph node biopsy: Reed Sternberg cells {Hodgkin's lymphoma} 41