Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Skeletal System

Skeletal System Physical foundation of the body 206 bones Connected by movable and immovable joints

Osteology Science of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones Prefix for medical terms

Bone Second hardest tissue of the body Composed of connective tissue The first is tooth enamel Composed of connective tissue 1/3 organic matter 2/3 mineral matter

Primary functions Give shape and support to the body Protects internal structures and organs Attachments for muscles and acts as levers for movement Produces white and red blood cells Store’s calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium

Bone joints Connection of two (2) or more bones Movable: Immovable: Did you Know Box -PP 119 Movable: Elbows Knees hips Immovable: Pelvis skull

Bones of the Skull Cranium Facial Skeleton 8 bones of the head An oval, bony case that protects the brain Facial Skeleton 14 bones of the face

Cranium 1 Occipital – hindmost, forms the back of the skull above the nape 2 Parietal – forms the sides and crown 1 Frontal – forehead 2 Temporal – forms the sides of the head in the ear region

1 Ethmoid – light, spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms the nasal cavities 1 Sphenoid – joins all the bones of the cranium

Bones of the Face 2 Nasal – form the bridge of the nose 2 Lacrimal – small, thin bones – front inner wall of the eye sockets 2 Zygomatic – prominence of the cheekbones

2 Maxillae – upper jaw 1 Mandible – lower jaw – largest and strongest bone of the face

Bones of the neck Hyoid – U-shaped at base of tongue – “Adams Apple” Cervical Vertebrae – seven (7) bones of the top part of the vertebral column in neck region

Bones of the Chest, Shoulder and back Thorax – chest – elastic, bony cage that protects the heart and lungs Ribs – twelve (12) pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

Scapula – large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder (back) Sternum – Breastbone Clavicle – Collarbone – joins sternum and scapula

Bones for the arms and hands Humerus – uppermost and largest bone of the arm – from elbow to shoulder Ulna – inner and larger of the forearm – pinkie side Radius – smaller bone on the forearm – thumb side

Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones between carpus and phalanges Carpus (Carpal) – wrist – 8 flexible, small, irregular bones held together by ligaments Metacarpus – palm – 5 bones between carpus and phalanges Phalanges – fingers – digits – 14 bones 3 fingers 2 thumbs

Bones of the legs and feet Femur – heavy, long thigh bone Tibia- larger, shin bone – big toe side Fibula – smaller, shin bone – little toe side Patella – knee cap Talus - ankle

Tarsal – 7 bones from ankle into foot Metatarsals – 5 bones of the foot – long and slender Phalanges - toes – digits – 14 bones 3 toes 2 big toes