Warm Up1 : Write from memory the definitions of: Valence e- Cation Anion Octet Rule Isotope

THOSE LOOK FAMILIAR… Law of Definite Proportions Ratio of atoms in a cmpd equates to the ratio of masses of each element (masses of elements are always in same proportions) Law of Multiple Proportions = Dalton! Multiple proportions are possible of the same 2 elements (water 2:1 and peroxide 2:2)

Nomenclature (naming compounds and writing formulas) In Chemistry there are: Symbols (for elements ; we call them atoms) ex. Na or Cl Formulas (for compounds; we call them molecules or formula units) Ex. NaCl or CO2 Equations (for reactions) Ex. 2Na(l) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)

There are two types of compounds: Ionic (start with a metal or a positive polyatomic ion); M&NM Called formula units Have high melting points (why? Ions) Are electrolytic in their molten or aqueous state Are solid at room temperature Have a crystalline structure (think salt…) Usually soluble in water Covalent (start with a nonmetal); NM & NM Called molecules Low melting points (think butter…) Volatile Non-electrolytic

Tells us if a molecular or ionic cmpd… definitions? Compound Formulas Ex. SO3 Tells us: types of element in the compound How many atoms of each The way the compound is bonded and therefore its properties Tells us if a molecular or ionic cmpd… definitions?

Which of the following compounds are: electrolytic? Which are volatile? Probably soluble? Na2S SCl4 Al2O3 KF F2 OF2

Pull out Polyatomic Ions Sheet Start to memorize these! Always use parentheses, please!

Writing compound formulas: Ionic: Covalent: get the symbol and the charge of the ions Make subscripts out of prefixes from the name From periodic table Mono-1 Monatomic ions table Di-2 (pg 192) Tri-3 Or polyatomic ion sheet Tetra-4 Criss-cross charges (making the atom electrically neutral) Penta – 5 Hexa-6 Hepta-7 Octa - 8

How to get charges from the periodic table: All atoms want to have 8 valence e- = very stable! Count to the nearest noble gas (skip T-metals) Does the atom have to gain or lose e- to get to that noble gas?

Tin = Sn 2+ or 4+ Cobalt = Co 2+ or 3+

Transition Metals – variability in charges (Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sn, Cr, Mn, Co) Stock System Roman numerals after name (tells you charge!) Classical System Root word, “ous” (cation smaller of the two possible ionic charges) or “ic” (cation larger of the two possible)… unsure of charge though

Practice just ionic cmpd names

Practice just with molecular cmpds

Flow Chart Contains prefixes … molecular cmpd… use prefixes to write formula! No prefixes … ionic cmpd… use criss cross to write formula!

sulfur trioxide Iron (III) carbonate barium bromide tin (II) fluoride BI/ BM/ T Formula sulfur trioxide Iron (III) carbonate barium bromide tin (II) fluoride magnesium oxide

sulfur hexafluoride Aluminum acetate diphosphorus sulfide BI/ BM/ T Formula sulfur hexafluoride Aluminum acetate diphosphorus sulfide potassium nitrite ammonium chloride

silicon tetrachloride BI/ BM/ T Formula chlorine monoxide silicon tetrachloride chlorine trifluoride beryllium oxide magnesium fluoride

Diatomic molecules - Halogens

Make polyatomic ion flash cards “-ate” = 1 more O… ate another O “-ite” = 1 less O “hypo-” = 2 less O “-ium” = ammonium, hydronium “-ide ion” = hydroxide ion, cyanide ion

Practice on your own!

WU 2: Study for Ionic vs Covalent Quiz

Quiz

Enrichment /Intervention: Pick up a test and review the questions that you missed. Also, put your vocab on your desk! Especially: AR, EN, IE, EA Calculate the atomic mass of the isotopes listed in the free response problem (NOT A BASIC AVERAGE!) If you performed highly on this test, the complete the puzzle in the back of the room 

Naming Compounds Ionic: Name the ions Polyatomic ions do not change name Monatomic cations Do not change name Ex. Mg = magnesium Mg 2+ = magnesium Of transition metals Include the charge of the ion in parentheses (you will have to calculate the charge Ex. SnCl2 tin(II)

Ionic cont… Monatomic anions Drop the last syllable (or two) and add the suffix -ide Ex. Cl = chlorine Cl- = chloride F = fluorine F- = fluoride

Covalent: Add prefixes to names of elements to indicate the number of atoms present. End the second element in – ide. If there is only 1 atom of the first element, do not put a prefix Mono-1 Di-2 Tri-3 Tetra-4 Penta – 5 Hexa-6 Hepta- 7 Octa – 8 Ex. ClO7 N3F2

Who am I? Ca(NO3)2 ALWAYS PUT PARENTHESES ON POLYATOMIC IONS! H+ + CO32-  H2CO3

Acid Nomenclature Rules pg 272

Acid Nomenclature Acids are compound that have an “acidic hydrogen” ion (H in front) Naming acids: Binary Acids (HNm) To name use form: Hydro__________ic acid Ternary acids (HXO) No hydro If polyatomic ion ends in ate, drop –ate and add –ic acid If poyatomic ion ends in –ite, drop –ite and add -ous acid

Examples: HCl H2S HClO2 HNO3 HCN H2CO3 You Try: HF H3N HNO2 H2Cr2O7 H2C2O4

Writing formulas for acids- Treat like it is ionic If it starts with hydro it is bonded to a NM from the PToE If no hydro- bonded to a polyatomic ion Ex. Chromic acid Acetic acid Perchloric acid

You try: Hydrophosphoric acid Phosporic acid Hypochlorous acid Sulfurous acid Sulfuric acid Hydrosulfuric acid