Barbara Kazmierczak, MD PhD April 4, 2017 Choosing and applying for research residencies and fellowships: paths to basic, translational and research careers for physician-scientists Barbara Kazmierczak, MD PhD April 4, 2017

The arc of a research career Predoctoral student Learn how to breakdown a research question into experimentally tractable units. Learn how to structure, carry out and analyze experiments. Learn how to present your results in the context of the field. (Medical training) Postdoctoral scientist Identify important questions in your field. Establish unique expertise in your field. Generate data supporting grant applications & papers. Recruit, train and mentor a team. Get a job.

Research Residencies: the ABIM Research Pathway as an example Planning: must occur in PGY-1, and ABIM needs to be notified in PGY-2. Needs the support of the residency program director. Must satisfactorily complete 24 months of accredited categorical internal medicine training, with a minimum of 20 months involving direct patient care responsibility.

Short-tracking Research residency training can be combined with clinical subspecialty training. In this case, the minimum full-time clinical training required for the subspecialty is also required for certification through the research pathway. 24 months: Cardiology 18 months: GI Heme/Onc Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Rheumatology/Allergy & Immunology 12 months: All others

Ground rules In every case, at least 3 years of research training at 80% effort is required. The last year of research may be done as part of a full-time faculty position, but 80% research time is required. If research training is done as part of internal medicine, 20% of each year must be spent in clinical experiences including ½ day/week continuity clinic. If research training is done during subspecialty, at least ½ day/week must be spent in an ambulatory clinic.

Variables to consider when applying to PSTP programs Many, but not all short track programs want you to know what “subspecialty” you are interested in pursuing. The commitment from the program is conditional: you have to do well as an intern and resident to move forward into your fellowship year. Your commitment is usually not binding: you can change institution between specialty and subspecialty training (by entering the subspecialty match as a PGY-2). Flexibility in choosing a research mentor is usually high, but may be determined by where the $$ come from to pay your salary as a research fellow. (T32 administered by section or dept. vs institutional funds to a fellow vs postdoc mentor vs individual fellowship).

Research training in surgical sub-specialties: a program-by-program situation Example: Johns Hopkins Department of Surgery

Access to Physician Scientist Training Programs (PSTP) Northwestern University

Neurology: program-by-program opportunities

Psychiatry: NIMH (R25) Research Education Programs supporting Psychiatry residents

NIMH R25 funded programs

OB/GYN Ophthalmology Anesthesiology Pathology Radiology OB/GYN Ophthalmology Anesthesiology Radiation Oncology…

Will I go broke doing science?

MDs doing research are likely to be paid more than PhDs—but not always NIH T32/NRSA Yale DOM resident salaries

Research for the MD: How do I pay off my student loans?

Questions? Comments? Discussion….