Temperature and Heat 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.2 CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Temperature and Heat the BIG idea Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences. 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. • All particles in matter have kinetic energy. • Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. kinetic theory of matter • Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. temperature degree • Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. thermometer cold liquid hot liquid CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

kinetic theory of matter 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. kinetic theory of matter kinetic theory of matter temperature A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest. degree thermometer CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Temperature and Heat 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.2 CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Temperature and Heat the BIG idea Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences. 4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. • Heat is the flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. heat • Different materials require different amounts of energy to change temperature. thermal energy calorie • Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the cold ice through heat. joule ice heat specific heat CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

4.2 thermal energy Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. heat thermal energy thermal energy The energy an object has due to the motion of its particles; the total amount of kinetic energy of particles in an object. calorie joule specific heat CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. • Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. conduction • conductor insulator Types of Energy Transfer convection Conduction Convection Radiation radiation • Energy transferred by direct contact • Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation • Occurs in gases and liquids • Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object • Movement of large number of particles in same direction • All objects radiate energy • Occurs due to difference in density • Can occur within one object • Can transfer energy through empty space CHAPTER RESOURCES • Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist • Continues until object temperatures are equal SECTION OUTLINE

represented by each thermometer? Temperature Scales Which scale is being represented by each thermometer? Water boils 2120 1000 373 The Kelvin scale does not have negative numbers Room temperature 680 200 293 Water freezes 320 00 273 Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

4.3 Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. conduction conductor conductor 1. A material that transfers energy easily. insulator 2. A material that transfers electric charge easily. convection radiation Insulator 1. A material that does not transfer heat or electricity easily. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

4.3 insulator The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conduction insulator conductor 1. A material that does not transfer energy easily. insulator convection 2. A material that does not transfer electric charge easily. radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

4.3 convection The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conduction convection conductor A process by which energy is transferred in gases and liquids, occurring when a warmer, less dense area of gas or liquid is pushed up by a cooler, more dense area of the gas or liquid. insulator convection radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

4.3 radiation The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conduction radiation conductor Energy that travels across distances in the form of electromagnetic waves. insulator convection radiation CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

4.1 Temperature depends on particle movement. I. Temperature depends on particle movement. kinetic theory of matter A. All matter is made of moving particles. temperature 1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter degree 2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy thermometer B. Temperature can be measured. 1. Temperature Scales 2. Thermometers 3. Thermal Expansion CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 4.2 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. heat A. Heat is different from temperature. thermal energy 1. Heat and Thermal Energy calorie 2. Measuring Heat joule B. Some substances change temperature more easily than others. specific heat 1. Specific Heat 2. Specific Heat and Mass CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 4.3 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. III. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conduction A. Energy moves as heat in three ways. conductor 1. Conduction insulator 2. Convection convection 3. Radiation radiation B. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles. SIMULATION Identify examples of conduction, convection, or radiation.

CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

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