Ch 4: Settling the West Why did we go West? Gold.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 4: Settling the West Why did we go West? Gold

“Boomtowns” towns in west that experienced explosive growth Vigilante Committees Volunteers who went after wrong-doers Most Boomtowns do not last “ghost-towns”

Hydraulic Mining

Ranching and Cattle Drives Second way the West opened “Open Range” Vast areas of grassland owned by the government

The Long Drive Herding the cattle to Missouri and Kansas

Why the Long Drives ended Invention of barbed wire Protection from other ranchers and thieves They flooded the market with cattle Prices drop sharply The blizzards of 1886-1887 Over 4 million cattle freeze or starve to death

Settling the Great Plains

Homestead Act Government program to encourage settlement on Plains $10, up to 160 acres

The Wheat Belt

Struggles of the Plains Indians Dakota Sioux Uprising (Minnesota) Agreed to live on reservations for annuities Annual payments Reservations are full of poverty and lack food Hundreds of civilians slaughtered

Red Cloud's War Lakota refuse to give up land Guerrilla military tactics turn back U.S. military

Red Cloud Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

Sand Creek Massacre Tension between miners and Cheyenne / Arapaho tribes Tribes begin raiding trains, stealing cattle and horses Both sides brutally massacre

Battle of Little Bighorn Miners overrun Lakota territory Lakota begin hunting outside reserved area U.S. cavalry is wiped out

Tragedy at Wounded Knee Lakota continue to perform “Ghost Dance” Outlawed by U.S. government Attempted arrest of Sitting Bull starts massacre

The Dawes Act (1887) Families: 160 acres of land to farm Single: 80 acres Goal: “assimilation” Slowly absorb Natives into American culture

Ch 4 Essential Questions Both miners and ranchers were looking for economic opportunity. How did they differ in their approach? What difficulties might farmers have faced as they worked the new land? Why did conflict arise between Native Americans and the settlers?