Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock

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Presentation transcript:

Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock Semper Eadem? Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock @AnnaWhitelock www.annawhitelock.co.uk

HENRY VII Founder of stability? New monarch? Restorer or innovator? Lucky? Ruthless?

HENRY VIII Young man- personality politics Ambition War Break with Rome Imperial Kingship Reformation – ‘Catholicism without the pope?’ Politics and Government Alter Rex? Wolsey/Cromwell?

EDWARD VI Boy king/puppet? How to fill his father’s shoes? Threshold of power Relationship with sister Mary Religion Device and Succession Crisis

MARY I First Queen Accession Marriage Return to Rome Foreign Policy Failed pregnancies King Philip/ Co-Monarchy

Semper Eadem? ELIZABETH I Significance of gender/ ‘problem’ of Female Monarchy/Queen’s Two Bodies Debt to her sister Mary: examples and admonitions Elizabeth and Marriage Faction at Court? Foreign policy – aims, success, failures Anglo-Spanish relations Religion: Nature and significance of the Catholic and Puritan threats Threat of Mary Queen of Scots Fears of dynastic security/unsettled succession 1590s: a second reign? A monarchical republic? Overstated success?

Key Events Timeline Nov 17 1558 Queen Mary I dies and Elizabeth becomes Queen Elizabeth I 1559 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I and Elizabethan Religious Settlement Feb 1559 First Commons petition that Elizabeth marry April 1559 Peace of Cateau-Cambresis June 1559 Death of French king Henri II – succeeded by his son François II (m.MQS) July 6 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh between France, England and Scotland Dec 1560 King Francois II dies 9 Aug. 1561 return of MQS to Scotland Sept 1562 English support for French Huguenots 1562 Newhaven Expedition Oct 1562 Elizabeth seriously ill with smallpox 1567 Spanish army sent to Low Countries

1568 Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned in England after being deposed and fleeing Scotland. 1569 Northern Rebellion 1570 Elizabeth is excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Pope. 1571 Ridolfi Plot to assassinate Elizabeth. 1571 Arrival of Catholic missionary priests August 24 1572 Massacre of St Bartholomew May 1575 Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker dies Dec. 1575 Edmund Grindal becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 1580 Philip II claims Portuguese throne 1580 Arrival of first Jesuit priests 1581 By Act of Parliament Catholics become traitors. 1584 Assassination of William of Orange 1584 Bond of Association and Act for the Queen's Safety

1585 Treaty of Nonsuch –English army to Low Countries 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch –English army to Low Countries. 1586 Babington Plot Feb 1587 - Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada Aug. 1589 Assassination of King Henri III of France 1591 An English expeditionary force is sent to Brittany July 1593 Henri IV of France converts to Catholicism 1596 Cadiz expedition 1597 Irish rebellion under Hugh O’Neill, earl of Tyrone 1597 Second Spanish Armada defeated Aug 1598 Philip II dies 1601 Essex Rebellion 1601 Poor Law 1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth I and accession of King James I

Any Questions? Dr Anna Whitelock @AnnaWhitelock www.annawhitelock.co.uk