Review Exam #5 Electrical, Steering, Suspension, Brakes, Tires

Electrical Terms (good $ for auto technician) Electricity is the flow of electrons. Conductors allow electron flow. Insulators restricts the flow of electrons. Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Electrical Terms Voltage is the pressure pushing electrons. Volts (V) Current is the quantity of electrons (Intensity). Amps (A) Resistance is the measure of electrical resistance. Ohms Ω (R) OHMS Law V / R = A Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Battery Battery – converts chemical energy to electrical energy 12-Volt Systems Most automotive batteries are 12-volt DC. Each cell produces 2 to 2.1 volts. Fully charged battery is 12.6V Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Battery Strength CCA – Cold Cranking Amps tested at 0ºF CA – Cranking Amps tested at 32ºF Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Starting System Starter – converts electrical energy to mechanical energy to crank over the engine. Park/Neutral Safety Switch – is a safety mechanism so the vehicle won’t start if the transmission is in gear. Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Serpentine and V Serpentine V Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Alternator Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy to recharge the battery. Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Fuses Fuses are overcurrent protection devices (fuse burn out before expensive component) Fuse Junction Block Fuse Types Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Digital Multimeter (DMM) Measure Volts, Amps, Ohms Part of practical exam Chapter 9 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Forced Induction Forcing more air into the cylinders for combustion to produce more power. Boost

Forced Induction Turbocharging A turbine that uses exhaust gases to pressurize intake air. Can have a “Lag” as engine spools up Blow Off Valve (BOV) on intake side to alleviate back pressure Wastegate on exhaust side

Forced Induction Supercharging A “Blower” Belt driven off of the engine No lag Parasitic drain on engine Chapter 11

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Hybrid Vehicles Internal combustion engine powered by fuel (commonly gasoline) and an electric motor powered by electricity from a high voltage battery pack. Chapter 18 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Tire Classifications Tire sidewall – provides the size, ratings, and other vital information. Chapter 14 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Tires Proper inflation on door sticker Must use pressure gauge Tread Wear Bars indicate 2/32” of tread left

Suspension System Purpose Comfort Contact Control Suspension System Components Shocks (keep car from bouncing), Struts, Control Arms, Sway Bar, Coil Spring, Leaf Spring, Steering Knuckle, Ball Joint, Tie Rod Chapter 14 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Suspension and Steering Components Steering Linkage Parallelogram Steering – also called a pitman arm or recirculating ball system. Chapter 14 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Suspension and Steering Components Steering Linkage Rack and Pinion Steering – commonly works in conjunction with struts to reduce space and weight. Chapter 14 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Tire Care and Maintenance Wheel Alignment Caster – the forward or backward tile from absolute vertical when viewed from the side. Camber – the inward or outward tilt of the tire from absolute vertical when viewed from the front. Toe – the differences in front or back distances in a pair of tires. Chapter 14 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Disc Brakes System Rotor Pads Caliper

Drum Brakes System Drum Wheel Cylinder Brake Shoes

Braking System Components Brake pedal – mechanically connected to a hydraulic unit called a master cylinder. Master cylinder – converts the mechanical force from the brake pedal to hydraulic pressure. Brake lines – transfer the fluid pressure to the wheels. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Braking System Components Wheel Speed Sensors – monitor a toothed sensor ring to keep track of and compare the rotational speed of each wheel. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Control and Safety Systems Antilock Brake System (ABS) - ABS minimizes wheel lockup (skidding) by using sensors at each wheel (or in the differential) to monitor wheel speed, a hydraulic unit to regulate brake pressure, and a computer/controller to command the system. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Control and Safety Systems Traction Control System (TCS) Uses sensors to detect tire slippage during acceleration. Adjusts throttle input and applies braking force to slow a slipping wheel and help the tire regain traction with the road. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Control and Safety Systems Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Added to many vehicles to help drivers maintain control during unstable situations such as attempting to avoid a crash or during unfavorable weather conditions. Required on all 2012 and later vehicles. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com Parking Brakes Engages shoes or pads at the rear wheels to keep the vehicle from moving when parked. Mechanical Cable A hand lever in the center of the console or small foot pedal on the far left side of the driver’s foot controls engages the cable. The mechanical cable allows the systems to work independently of each other. Electric Parking Brake A button is used to signal a motor to pull a brake cable or directly engages advanced caliper motors. Chapter 15 © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com

Practical Measure Tire Tread Depth Adjust Tire Pressure Identify Tire Classifications Mount a Tire Balance a Tire Measure Volts, Ohms Identify Steering, Suspension, and Brake System Components