1
2
3
4
5
Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks General Options Surface Options In-space Options 7
Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks General Options: Accept the risks Astronaut selection Medications e.g. RLIP 76 8
Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks Surface Options: Cover habitat with regolith Limit EVAs 10
Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks In-space Options: Positioning supplies & equipment Positioning propellant Water / ice Smart shielding material Magnetic fields Electrostatic shielding 9
Surface Options – Covering with Regolith 11
14
Source: Bigelow Aerospace Source: Univ. of Maine 12
Source: TripAdvisor.com Source: laughingsquid.com Source: wallmuralsgallery.com Source: laughingsquid.com
In-space Options – Hollow Sphere Shielding [Regarding solar electric propulsion to Mars] We can do fast dashes from place to place but there is a lot of work to do to get there. Or it [the radiation issue] may be sufficiently serious that even fast dashes won’t deal with it, but fortunately Buzz Aldrin solved that problem too, and you do that by putting cycler habs up and you shield the heck out of them and then you take the cruise line to Mars instead of taking your sprint”. 16
19
19
Internal Diameter Thickness Launcher Mission Duration Risk
Internal Diameter
Internal Diameter SkyLab 6.7 meters
Launcher
6
(1.5% of NASA’s annual budget) 26
2 Falcon Heavies 80.9 metric tonnes Launcher
Thickness
Thickness Thickness = 50 cm
Thickness 51.6 cm
Mission Duration 2021 - Inspiration Mars 589 Days
Risk
Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr Aluminum Water Hydrogen 51.6 Shield thickness, g/cm Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 23
6
220 mSv / mission 38% of career limit Risk
20
21 1% Mars atmosphere 5% Suggested shielding protection 24% 30,000 ft (Commercial airplanes) 50% 18,000 ft 54% 16,728 ft (La Rinconada - Highest town in the world) 83% 5280 ft (Denver) 21 100% 0 ft
1,063 cm 51.6 cm 22
Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr Aluminum Water Hydrogen 51.6 Shield thickness, g/cm Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 23
Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr Aluminum Water Hydrogen 6.7 Shield thickness, g/cm Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 24
Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks 51.6 cm 6.7 m 80 mT 25
27
Sphere within sphere Solar panels Water Xe Air Inflatable hab
Air Air
Hollow ice sphere
98
2 years later while passing Earth 99
Mild artificial gravity Launch once Use many times Spacious Radiation protection Mild artificial gravity 163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
15