[ 1.2 ] Types of Government

Who Can Participate? Democracy- government by the people Republic- elected officials act on the will of the people Dictatorship- not held accountable to the people Authoritarian Dictatorship/autocracy- one person has all the power Oligarchy- rule by the few Theocracy- legal system is based on religious law Tribal and Other Republics Chief and tribal aristocracy Venetian Republic- Doge representing various city-states

Who Can Participate? Democratic government derives its power from the people but can be either direct or indirect democracy. Analyze Charts Why might indirect democracy be better for a larger population?

Who Can Participate? There are different forms of government all over the world. People express their will differently in each. Analyze Maps How does each government's reaction differ to expressions of will?

Classifying Governments Governments can be classified by three different standards: (1) Who can participate in the governing process. (2) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state. (3) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government.

Classification by Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary Government A unitary government has all powers held by a single, central agency. Ex. Great Britain Confederate Government A confederation is an alliance of independent states. Ex. European Union Federal Government A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis. Ex. USA

Geographic Distribution of Power Power can be distributed between central (national) and local governments in three different ways. Analyze Charts Which diagram best describes the distribution of power in the United States?

Geographic Distribution of Power Countries with many different types of government are part of the European Union. Analyze Maps Based on this map, what generalization can you make about these governments?

Written Constitution- details of the separation Legislative and Executive Branches Separation of Powers Between Branches of Government- law-making v. law-executing agencies Written Constitution- details of the separation Parliamentary Government- prime minister and cabinet Prime minister is chosen by the majority party Prime minister then chooses the cabinet Advantages and Disadvantages of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems No checks and balances No deadlock

Legislative and Executive Branches In a presidential democracy, voters elect both the legislative and executive branches of government. Analyze Charts How is the executive branch related to the legislative branch?

Quiz: Who Can Participate? Which is a feature of a direct democracy? A. People elect representatives to create public policy. B. People transform their will into public policy. C. People protest in the streets and at mass meetings. D. People are ruled by a single person.

Quiz: Geographic Distribution of Power Which best describes a unitary government? A. A single person holds unlimited political power. B. The power to rule is held by a small group. C. The government usually gains power by force. D. All powers held by the government belong to a central agency.

Quiz: Legislative and Executive Branches Which answer most likely explains why some dictatorships adopt features of democratic governments－for example, popular elections and elected legislative bodies? A. to exercise power and promote solidarity B. to gain practice with democratic principles C. to showcase aspiring political candidates D. to appease their people and other nations

[ 1.3 ] Origins of the Modern Democratic State

Power, Authority, and Legitimacy Democracy has its roots in governments from ancient Greece to the 1700s. Analyze Charts How did prior forms of sovereignty lead to the development of the United States and its Constitution?

American Government–Building on the Past During the Roman republic, Plebeians (commoners) were part of the legislative assembly. Analyze Charts What kind of power was available to Roman Plebians?

Nations and Kings During the Middle Ages, kings had absolute power over their subjects. Analyze Charts How did the structure of the government support “absolute monarchies?”

Acts according to the rule of law Power, Authority, and Legitimacy Forms of Legitimacy Tradition Divine right Personality Acts according to the rule of law

Power, Authority, and Legitimacy When Henry IV was crowned by a representative of the Church, he assumed the 'divine right' to lead. This power was said to come from God rather than the people.

European Colonialism By the 1700s many trade routes were established from Europe across the oceans. Analyze Maps How did trade routes help spread European colonies?

Power Comes from the People

Quiz: American Government–Building on the Past Which of the following terms describes a system in which powerful lords protected others in exchange for lands and labor? A. feudalism B. imperialism C. monarchy D. consulate

Quiz: Power, Authority, and Legitimacy Which of the following describes the legitimacy of a monarch who is believed to have been granted power by God? A. papal right B. holy writ C. legal right D. divine right

Quiz: Power Comes from the People Which of the following terms is most likely to be associated with the ideas of Baron de Montesquieu? A. separation of powers B. divine right of kings C. absolute monarchy D. abuse of power